利用红外相机技术对青海省布尔汗布达山非保护地鸟兽多样性的初步调查

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221214

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 了解非保护地类型的青海省中部布尔汗布达山区域部分鸟兽的物种多样性现状,为进一步研究高原物种分布、制定野生动物保护和资源管理计划等提供参考。方法: 于2017年5―10月、2019年3―5月，在布尔汗布达山海拔3 000~4 500 m范围内，共布设23个红外相机位点。结果: 累计相机日4 703个，有效独立照片共计2 868张，识别出22种兽类、25种鸟类，其中兽类分属5目10科，鸟类分属5目12科，另有家养动物4种。相对多度指数RAI前4种对兽类依次为岩羊(6.44)、喜马拉雅旱獭(5.12)、高原兔(2.59)、藏狐(2.17)；对鸟类依次为藏雪鸡(4.72)、赭红尾鸲(3.36)、大石鸡(3.15)、红腹红尾鸲(2.59)。中国特有种对兽类有白唇鹿、马鹿、藏原羚3种；对鸟类有地山雀、大石鸡2种。国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物5种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物15种；中国脊椎动物红色名录评估列为濒危6种、易危2种、近危12种。结论: 红外相机的调查结果初步反映了当前青海省中部高原山地鸟兽资源状况，为进一步在非保护地类型的高原传统牧业地区开展生物多样性长期监测、牧区管理和人兽冲突等研究提供了数据基础。

关键词: 布尔汗布达山, 红外相机, 传统牧业区, 物种监测, 都兰县

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to understand the species diversity status of the mammalian and avian species in the Burhan Buda Mountain area in the central part of Qinghai Province,which belongs to the category of non-protected areas,and to provide reference for further research on species distribution on the plateau and for formulating wildlife protection and resource management plans. Method: A total of 23 infrared camera locations were deployed in the altitude range of 3 000-4 500 m in the Burhan Buda Mountain,from May to October 2017 and March to May 2019. Result: In this study,an intensive survey was conducted,with an effort of 4 703 camera days,and a total of 2 868 effective independent photographs were taken,in which 22 species of mammals belonging to 5 orders and 10 families,25 species of birds belonging to 5 orders and 12 families,and 4 domestic animal species were identified. Based on the RAI (relative abundance index),the four most abundant mammal species successively were Pseudois nayaur (6.44),Marmota himalayana (5.12),Lepus oiostolus (2.59),and Vulpes ferrilata (2.17),and the four most abundant bird species successively were Tetraogallus tibetanus (4.72),Phoenicurus ochruros (3.36),Alectoris magna (3.15) and Phoenicurus erythrogastrus(2.59). Among the detected species,there were 5 species listed as Class Istate key protected wild animals and 15 species as ClassⅡ state key protected wild animals in China. There were 6 species classified as endangered species,2 species classified as vulnerable species,and 12 species classified as near threatened species in the Red List of China's Vertebrates. There were 5 species endemic to China,including 3 species of mammals,Gervus albirostris,Cervus elaphus and Procapra picticaudata,and two avian species of Pseudopodoces humilis and Alectoris magna. Conclusion: The preliminary results reflect the current status of the mountain mammalian and avian species resources in the central of Qinghai Province,and provide a data basis for further study on long-term monitoring of biodiversity,management of grazing land and human-animal conflicts in the traditional plateau grazing areas of non-protected areas.

Key words: Burhan Buda Mountain, camera trapping, traditional pastoral areas, biodiversity monitoring, Dulan County

中图分类号:

S718.6
Q958

李叶,石永红,许显金,井发菊,石振亮,刘国虎,李迪强. 利用红外相机技术对青海省布尔汗布达山非保护地鸟兽多样性的初步调查[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(12): 155-163.

Ye Li,Yonghong Shi,Xianjin Xu,Faju Jing,Zhenliang Shi,Guohu Liu,Diqiang Li. Preliminary Survey on the Diversity of Mammalian and Avian in the Non-Protected Area of Burhan Buda Mountain, Qinghai Province, with Infrared Camera-Trapping Technology[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(12): 155-163.

图/表 3

图1

图2

表1

都兰县布尔汗布达山红外相机拍摄鸟兽名录①"

类别 Categories	科 Families	物种 Species	国家重点野生动物保护名录保护等级 Protection class	中国脊椎动物红色名录 Red list of China’s vertebrates	CITES附录 CITES Appendix	位点数 Number of sites (%)	有效照片数 Number of photos(RAI)
啮齿目Rodentia	松鼠科Sciuridae	喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana		LC	Ⅲ	21(91)	241(5.12)
兔形目Lagomorpha	鼠兔科Ochotonidae	高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae		LC		3(13)	3(0.06)
	兔科Leporidae	高原兔Lepus oiostolus		LC		19(83)	122(2.59)
奇蹄目Perissodactyla	马科Equidae	藏野驴Equus kiang	Ⅰ	NT	Ⅱ	3(13)	23(0.49)
偶蹄目Artiodactyla	牛科Bovidae	藏原羚Procapra picticaudata*	Ⅱ	NT		12(52)	48(1.02)
		盘羊Ovis ammon	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅱ	2(9)	9(0.19)
		岩羊Pseudois nayaur	Ⅱ	LC		22(96)	303(6.44)
	鹿科Cervidae	马鹿Cervus elaphus*	Ⅱ	EN	Ⅱ	8(35)	34(0.72)
		白唇鹿Cervus albirostris*	I	EN	Ⅰ	11(48)	59(1.25)
食肉目Carnivora	鼬科Mustelidae	亚洲狗獾Meles leucurus		NT		2(9)	3(0.06)
		黄鼬Mustela sibirica		LC		2(9)	2(0.04)
		石貂Martes foina	Ⅱ	EN		2(9)	2(0.04)
	猫科Felidae	猞猁Lynx lynx	Ⅱ	EN	Ⅱ	4(17)	25(0.53)
		雪豹Panthera uncia	Ⅰ	EN	Ⅰ	3(13)	4(0.09)
	犬科Canidae	赤狐Vulpes vulpes	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅲ	13(57)	63(1.34)
		藏狐Vulpes ferrilata	Ⅱ	NT		20(87)	102(2.17)
		狼Canis lupus	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅱ	17(74)	99(2.11)
	熊科Ursidae	棕熊Ursus arctos	Ⅱ	VU	Ⅰ	2(9)	2(0.04)
家养动物Livestock		家牦牛Bos mutus				22(96)	256(5.44)
		藏系绵羊Ovis aries				15(65)	143(3.04)
		家马Equus caballus				3(13)	3(0.06)
		家犬Canis lupus familiaris				3(13)	3(0.06)
鸡形目Galliformes	雉科Phasianidae	藏雪鸡Tetraogallus tibetanus	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅰ	9(39)	222(4.72)
		暗腹雪鸡Tetraogallus himalayensis	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅰ	4(17)	56(1.19)
		大石鸡Alectoris magna ^*	Ⅱ	NT		14(61)	148(3.15)
		石鸡Alectoris chukar		LC		2(9)	33(0.70)
鹰形目Accipitriformes	鹰科Accipitridae	胡兀鹫Gypaetus barbatus	Ⅰ	NT	Ⅱ	4(17)	20(0.43)
		高山兀鹫Gyps himalayensis	Ⅱ	NT	Ⅱ	2(9)	3(0.06)
		大Buteo hemilasius	Ⅱ	VU	Ⅱ	6(26)	8(0.17)
犀鸟目Bucerotiformes	戴胜科Upupidae	戴胜Upupa epops		LC		6(26)	8(0.17)
隼形目Falconiformes	隼科Falconidae	猎隼Falco cherrug	I	EN	Ⅱ	3(13)	3(0.06)
雀形目Passeriformes	鸦科Corvidae	红嘴山鸦Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax		LC		12(52)	104(2.21)
	山雀科Paridae	地山雀Pseudopodoces humilis*		LC		9(43)	13(0.28)
	百灵科Alaudidae	角百灵Eremophila alpestris		LC		3(13)	19(0.40)
	鸫科Turdidae	棕背黑头鸫Turdus kessleri		LC		2(9)	2(0.04)
	鹟科Muscicapidae	红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogastrus		LC		14(61)	122(2.59)
		赭红尾鸲Phoenicurus ochruros		LC		20(87)	158(3.36)
	岩鹨科Prunellidae	鸲岩鹨Prunella rubeculoides		LC		6(26)	28(0.60)
		褐岩鹨Prunella fulvescens		LC		4(17)	14(0.30)
		棕胸岩鹨Prunella strophiata		LC		3(13)	3(0.06)
		高原岩鹨Prunella himalayana		LC		2(9)	2(0.04)
	雀科Passeridae	棕颈雪雀Pyrgilauda ruficollis		LC		3(13)	56(1.19)
		棕背雪雀Pyrgilauda blanfordi		LC		6(26)	20(0.43)
		褐翅雪雀Montifringilla adamsi		LC		8(35)	19(0.40)
		白斑翅雪雀Montifringilla nivalis		LC		4(17)	31(0.66)
	燕雀科Fringillidae	黄嘴朱顶雀Carduelis flavirostris		LC		7(30)	7(0.15)
		白斑翅拟蜡嘴雀Mycerobas camipes		LC		1(4)	3(0.06)

表1

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