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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 137-148.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221113

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

梵净山保护区同域分布5种雉类的日活动节律

蒙秉顺1,王丞3,王亚强2,樊涵4,谢波1,冉伟2,张明明1,*   

  1. 1. 贵州大学林学院 贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心 贵阳 550025
    2. 贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区管理局 江口 554400
    3. 湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区事务中心 张家界 427400
    4. 贵州省湿地和公益林保护中心 贵阳 550001
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-30 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 张明明

Daily Activity Rhythms of Five Species of Sympatric Pheasants in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

Bingshun Meng1,Cheng Wang3,Yaqiang Wang2,Han Fan4,Bo Xie1,Wei Ran2,Mingming Zhang1,*   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Guizhou University Research Center for Biodiversity and Nature Conservation of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025
    2. Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Administration Jangkou 554400
    3. Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Natural Reserve Affairs Center Zhangjiajie 427400
    4. Guizhou Provincial Wetland and Public Welfare Forest Protection Center Guiyang 550001
  • Received:2021-09-30 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-03-08
  • Contact: Mingming Zhang

摘要:

目的: 深入了解梵净山国家级自然保护区多种雉类的日活动节律及其差异,探讨其在同域分布情况下的时间分配模式和共存机制。方法: 于2017年4月至2020年12月利用红外相机陷阱法在61个监测位点对梵净山保护区雉类开展了长期监测,并对5种同域分布雉类的日活动节律进行了研究分析。结果: 1)监测到的5种雉类(白颈长尾、红腹角雉、红腹锦鸡、灰胸竹鸡、勺鸡)均为昼行性,日活动节律均呈双峰型,活动高峰集中在清晨和黄昏时段;2)只有红腹角雉的日活动节律与其他雉类均存在显著性差异;3)红腹锦鸡和勺鸡的日活动节律受海拔变化的影响;4)在繁殖期与非繁殖期的季节性变化中,仅勺鸡的日活动节律呈季节性显著差异;5)在有明显雌雄异色的雉类中,雌雄个体在繁殖期的日活动重叠程度都高于非繁殖期,且日活动节律更为相似。结论: 通过对梵净山国家级自然保护区5种同域分布雉类的日活动节律的研究,发现其日活动节律特征和差异是在环境因素和种间竞争下相互作用的结果,同时受到繁殖时间和繁殖策略的影响。

关键词: 同域分布, 雉类, 日活动节律, 红外相机, 梵净山保护区

Abstract:

Objective: The activity rhythm of wildlife is to adapt to the changing environmental conditions, reflecting its ecological selection in the time dimension and the timely utilization of resources. Species with similar affinities and sympatric distribution will adjust their activity time, as a survival strategy, to reduce the interspecific competition. Research on their activity rhythms can help to reveal the mechanism of species coexistence, and is of great significance to strengthen the conservation and management of wild animals. This study aims to deeply understand the daily activity rhythms of multiple pheasants in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, and explore their time allocation mode and coexistence mechanism of the sympatric pheasants. Method: We monitored five sympatric pheasant species with 61 infrared camera traps in Fanjingshan from April 2017 to December 2020, and analyzed the daily activity rhythms of the five species of pheasants. Result: 1) The five monitored pheasant species (Syrmaticus ellioti, Tragopan temminckii, Chrysolophus pictus, Bambusicola thoracica, Pucrasia macrolopha) were all diurnal with two activity peaks at morning and dusk, respectively. 2) Only the daily activity rhythm of Tragopan temminckii was significantly different from that of other pheasants. 3) The daily activity rhythm of both Chrysolophus pictus and Pucrasia macrolopha was affected by altitude variation. 4) There was significant seasonal difference in daily activity rhythm of P. Macrolopha in the seasonal change from breeding period to non-breeding period. 5) For those pheasants with distinct sexual dimorphism, the overlapping degree of daily activities of male and female individuals in the reproductive period was higher than that in non reproductive period. Their daily activity rhythms and time allocation were more similar in breeding period. Conclusion: Through the study on the daily activity rhythm of five species of syndromic pheasants in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve, it is found that the characteristics and difference of the daily activity rhythms of the five sympatric pheasant species are the result of interaction of the environmental factors and the interspecific competition, and are also affected by the breeding time and reproductive strategy.

Key words: sympatry, pheasants, daily activity rhythm, infrared camera, Fanjingshan Reserve

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