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林业科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 7-13.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20110802

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响

张象君, 王庆成, 郝龙飞, 王石磊   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2009-11-12 修回日期:2010-10-07 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 王庆成

Effect of Gap Thinning on the Regeneration and Plant Species Diversity in Larix olgensis Plantation

Zhang Xiangjun, Wang Qingcheng, Hao Longfei, Wang Shilei   

  1. Forestry College of Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
  • Received:2009-11-12 Revised:2010-10-07 Online:2011-08-25 Published:2011-08-25

摘要:

2009年7月中旬,以佳木斯孟家岗林场间伐8年后的34年生长白落叶松人工纯林为对象,分析均匀间伐、大林隙和小林隙的林下更新和植物多样性。结果表明: 与均匀间伐相比,林隙内出现了树高超过1.5 m的胡桃楸、山杨和春榆等喜光阔叶树种,大林隙中出现树高超过2 m的胡桃楸幼树; 林隙内更新树种的个体密度、平均高和平均地径明显增加,大林隙尤为显著(P<0.05); 林隙内木本植物的Simpson多样性指数和盖度均显著高于均匀间伐(P<0.05); 与小林隙相比,大林隙内木本和草本植物盖度均显著增加(P<0.05); 木本植物竞争种的重要值表现为大林隙>小林隙>均匀间伐,耐胁迫种的重要值相反(P<0.05); 大林隙内1年生草本植物的重要值显著高于小林隙和均匀间伐(P<0.05),多年生草本植物则相反(P<0.05); 大林隙Grime'功能群中杂草种的重要值高于小林隙和均匀间伐,耐胁迫种则相反(P<0.05); 小林隙与均匀间伐的草本植物不同生活型及Grime'功能群的组成差异不明显(P>0.05); 林隙间伐结合均匀间伐可以将长白落叶松人工纯林改造成长白落叶松针阔混交异龄林,较单独实施均匀间伐更有利于林下更新和植物多样性的提高,间伐林隙应以大林隙为宜(120~150 m2)。

关键词: 长白落叶松, 人工林, 近自然化改造, 林隙间伐, 均匀间伐, 更新, 植物多样性

Abstract:

The regeneration and plant diversity in different sized gaps and understorey were investigated in a 34-year-old Larix olgensis plantation in 8 years after thinning operated respectively only in gaps and uniformly in a stand. The results showed that saplings of shade tolerant tree species (Juglans mandshurica, Populus davidiana, Ulmus japonica) with height more than 1.5 m were found in gaps rather than understorey in the uniformly thinned stand. Even higher saplings more than 2 m of J. mandshurica was found in relatively large gaps. Simpson diversity index and coverage of woody species in gaps were greater than understorey of the uniformly thinned stand(P<0.05), and the coverage in large gaps was greater than that in small gaps (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the composition of under canopy functional groups. The ranking of importance values of woody competitor species was: large gaps small gaps, and understorey of the uniformly thinned stand, and the ranking of importance values of stress tolerant species was opposite (P<0.05). In large gaps, annual herby species had greater importance value and perennial herby species had lower importance value than those in small gaps and understorey of the uniformly thinning stand (P<0.05). The importance values of weeds in Grime' strategy groups in large gaps were greater than that in small gaps and understorey of the uniformly thinned stand (P<0.05). Our results suggested that gap thinning, combined with uniformly thinning of forests were able to transform the pure L. olgensis into a mixed forest with the larix, and promote natural regeneration and improve plant diversity, and the performances were better in relatively larger gaps (120-150 m2).

Key words: Larix olgensis, plantation forest, close-to-nature transformation, gap thinning, uniform thinning, regeneration, plant diversity

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