云杉花墨天牛幼虫在红松树干上的分布规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220713

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究辽宁抚顺松材线虫传播媒介——云杉花墨天牛的危害特性，为科学防治、特别是开展生物防治提供依据。方法: 砍伐被云杉花墨天牛危害的红松疫木，从基部将其锯成长度为1 m的木段。剥开树皮记录侵入孔的数量，随后解剖木段，记录幼虫数量，同时测量木段的直径和含水量。分析侵入孔数量和幼虫数量与树干高度之间的关系，建立幼虫数量与树干直径和含水率的关系模型。结果: 云杉花墨天牛侵入孔主要分布在树干高度1~7 m范围内，6~7 m范围内的树干上侵入孔数量最多(平均为67.72个·m^-1)，与0~1 m和9~10 m范围内的侵入孔数量差异显著；在7~13 m范围内随树干高度的增高侵入孔数量先减少后趋于稳定；幼虫主要分布在树干高度7 m以下的部分，3~4 m范围内的树干内幼虫数量最多(平均为38.29头·m^-1)；在树干高度9 m以上时幼虫数量较少(平均为11.50头·m^-1)。在1~7 m范围内每米间幼虫数量差异不显著，但与9~13 m各米间差异显著；分析结果表明，幼虫数量和木段直径的关系符合模型y=0.358 7x+6.115 4，幼虫数量和木段含水量的关系符合模型y=-74.155x²+96.209x。结论: 随着树干高度的增加，云杉花墨天牛的侵入孔数量呈先增加后减少的趋势，而幼虫数量总体上呈减少的趋势，且树干内的幼虫数量约为侵入孔数量的50%；明确了幼虫数量与树干直径及幼虫数量与树干含水量间关系。对预测红松树干中云杉花墨天牛的数量，进而预测疫区内的虫口密度提供依据，可为传播松材线虫的云杉花墨天牛的科学防治提供了基础资料。

关键词: 云杉花墨天牛幼虫, 侵入孔, 红松, 分布规律, 树干直径

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to provide a basis for scientific control, especially for biological control of Monochamus saltuarius, a newly discovered vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Liaoning Province, by investigating the damage characteristics of M. saltuarius. Method: Pinus koraiens trees infected by M. saltuarius were cut down and sawn into one-meter long segments from the base of the trunk. The bark was peeled off to record the number of invasion holes of M. saltuarius, then the wood segments were dissected to record the number of larvae. The diameter and water content of the wood segments were measured. The relationship between the number of invasion holes, the number of larvae and the height of the trunk were analyzed. The relationship model between the number of larvae and the diameter and water content of the trunk was established. Result: The results showed that the invasive holes of M. saltuarius mainly distributed in the trunk of 1-7 m above the ground. The number of invasive holes in the trunk of 6-7 m was the largest, with an average of 67.72 holes ·m^-1, which was significantly different from the number of invasive holes in 0-1 m and 9-10 m. With the trunk height increased, the number of invading holes in the trunk of 7-13 m decreased first and then tended to stable. The larvae mainly distributed in the part of the tree trunk below 7 m height, and the number of larval at the trunk of 3-4 m was the largest (average 38.29 heads ·m^-1). Larvae were relatively few above 9 m of the trunk, with an average of 11.50 heads ·m^-1. The number of larvae in the trunk of 1-7 m was significantly different from the number of larvae within 9-13 m. The analysis results showed that the relationship between the number of larvae and diameter of logs was conformed to the model y=0.358 7x+6.115 4, and the relationship between the number of larvae and water content of logs was conformed to the model y=-74.155x2+96.209x. Conclusion: With the increase of the trunk height, the number of invasion holes of M. saltuarius increases first and then decreases, while the number of larvae generally decreases, and the number of larvae in the trunk is about 50% of the number of invasion holes. The correlation between the number of larvae and diameter of wood segments, and the correlation between the number of larvae and water content of wood segments were clarified. The results provide a basis for predicting the number of M. saltuarius in the trunk of P. koraiens, and then predicting the population density of M. saltuarius in the epidemic area, which could provide a reference for the scientific control of M. saltuarius that spreads Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Key words: Monochamus saltuarius, larvae, intrusive holes, Pinus koraiensis, distribution rule, trunk diameter

中图分类号:

S718.7

时勇, 范立淳, 张彦龙, 王珏, 郑雅楠. 云杉花墨天牛幼虫在红松树干上的分布规律[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(7): 128-133.

Yong Shi, Lichun Fan, Yanlong Zhang, Jue Wang, Yanan Zheng. Distribution Rule of Monochamus saltuarius Larvae in the Trunk of Pinus koraiensis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(7): 128-133.

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