刺槐幼苗非结构性碳水化合物对NaCl胁迫的动态响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究NaCl胁迫下的刺槐非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)动态变化，揭示其对NaCl胁迫的适应机制，为刺槐林经营管理提供依据。方法: 以1年生刺槐苗为研究对象，通过盆栽试验，研究不同NaCl浓度(0、1.5‰、3‰、4.5‰)下苗木的相对生长速率、生物量分配和NSC含量的变化规律。结果: 1) 随着土壤NaCl浓度增加，刺槐苗木的地径和苗高相对生长速率显著降低; 随着NaCl胁迫持续时间增加，叶生物量的增速逐渐降低，而根生物量增速变化不显著，导致叶生物量比显著降低，根生物量比和根冠比显著增加。2) 随着土壤NaCl浓度的增加，粗根、细根、茎和叶中的NSC(可溶性糖、淀粉)含量在土壤NaCl浓度3‰以下梯度间差异不显著，但达到4.5‰各个器官中的NSC含量均显著下降，粗根的淀粉含量显著高于细根、茎和叶。3) 相关分析表明，地径和苗高相对生长速率与叶生物量比、粗根可溶性糖呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)，与根生物量比和根冠比呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01); 粗根淀粉与细根可溶性糖和茎可溶性糖、茎淀粉与茎可溶性糖有着显著正相关(P < 0.05)，说明NSC动态变化影响生物量分配进而影响器官的协调生长，是刺槐适应盐碱能力的重要体现。4) 主成分分析表明，NaCl胁迫下评价刺槐适应能力可以简化为生长指标、粗根NSC指标和茎NSC指标3个主成分，贡献率分别为43.05%、15.99%、14.65%，累计贡献率为73.69%。结论: NaCl胁迫显著抑制了刺槐幼苗的生长。NSC对叶片投入的降低和根系投入的增加，是导致刺槐苗木生长缓慢的重要原因。粗根是淀粉最重要的贮藏器官，淀粉不直接参与生长过程，但却是可溶性糖的重要来源，而可溶性糖是影响NaCl胁迫下刺槐苗木生长的主要物质。刺槐苗木根系生物量的分配和非结构性碳水化合物的调节是刺槐适应NaCl胁迫的重要方式。

关键词: 刺槐, NaCl胁迫, 生长, 可溶性糖, 淀粉

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of Robinia pseudoacacia under NaCl stress was investigated, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for revealing its adaptation mechanism to NaCl stress and the management of R. pseudoacacia platation. Method: In this study, the 1-year-old R. pseudoacacia seedlings were used as the research object, and the relative growth rate, biomass allocation and NSC variation rules of the seedlings under different NaCl concentrations (0, 1.5‰, 3‰ and 4.5‰) were studied through a pot experiment. Result: 1) With the increase of soil NaCl concentration, the relative growth rate of ground diameter and height of R. pseudoacacia seedlings decreased significantly. With the increase of NaCl stress duration, leaf biomass decreased gradually, while root biomass did not change significantly. Resulting in a significant decrease in leaf biomass ratio, and a significant increase in root biomass ratio and root-shoot ratio. 2) The contents of NSC (soluble sugars and starch), in coarse roots, fine roots, stems and leaves were not significantly different when the soil NaCl concentration was in a range of 0, 1.5‰ and 3‰, but were significantly decreased when the soil NaCl concentration reached 4.5‰. Especially, the starch content of coarse roots was significantly higher than that of fine roots, stems and leaves. 3) Correlation analysis showed that relative growth rates of ground diameter and height of seedling were significantly positively correlated with leaf biomass ratio and soluble sugars of coarse roots, and negatively correlated with root biomass ratio and root-shoot ratio. There was a significant positive correlation between coarse root starch and fine root soluble sugar and stem soluble sugar, stem starch and stem soluble sugar, indicating that the dynamic changes of NSC affected the biomass allocation and the coordinated growth of organs, which is a vital index of R. pseudoacacia's adaptablity to NaCl stress. 4) The principal component analysis showed that the adaptability of R. pseudoacacia under NaCl stress could be simplified into three principal components: growth index, coarse root NSC and stem NSC, and the contribution rates were 43.05%, 15.99% and 14.65%, respectively and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.69%. Conclusion: NaCl stress significantly inhibits the growth of R. pseudoacacia seedlings. The decrease of NSC input to leaves and the increase of NSC input to roots lead to the decrease of seedling growth. Soluble sugars are the main form of NSC, influencing tree growth under salt stress. Coarse root is the main strorage organ of starch; while starch is not directly involved in tree growth but is the important source of soluble sugars. As a result, the allocation of root biomass and the coordination of NSC in seedlings are two important adaptive mechanisms for R. pseudoacacia growth under NaCl stress.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, NaCl stress, growth, soluble sugar, starch

中图分类号:

S718.43

祁琳,郭龙梅,刘尤德,曹帮华,毛培利,李泽秀. 刺槐幼苗非结构性碳水化合物对NaCl胁迫的动态响应[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(1): 32-42.

Lin Qi,Longmei Guo,Youde Liu,Banghua Cao,Peili Mao,Zexiu Li. Dynamic Responses of Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings to NaCl Stress[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(1): 32-42.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

NaCl胁迫对刺槐苗木生长、生物量分配和NSC的相关性分析①"

指标 Index	相对地径生长速率 RGR_D	相对高生长速率 RGR_H	根生物量 Root biomass	茎生物量 Stem biomass	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	总生物量 Total biomass	根生物量比 RMR	茎生物量比 SMR	叶生物量比 LMR	根冠比 R/S	粗根可溶性糖 Coarse root soluble sugar	细根可溶性糖 Fine root soluble sugar	茎可溶性糖 Stem soluble sugar	叶可溶性糖 Leaf soluble sugar	粗根淀粉 Coarse root starch	细根淀粉 Fine root starch	茎淀粉 Stem starch	叶淀粉 Leaf starch	粗根非结构性碳水化合物 Coarse root NSC	细根非结构性碳水化合物 Fine root NSC	茎非结构性碳水化合物 Stem NSC
相对高生长速率RGR_H	0.868^**
根生物量Root biomass	0.171	0.386
茎生物量Stem biomass	0.874^**	0.927^**	0.548
叶生物量Leaf biomass	0.849^**	0.869^**	0.450	0.966^**
总生物量Total biomass	0.788^**	0.869^**	0.664^*	0.982^**	0.962^**
根生物量比RMR	-0.866^**	-0.771^**	-0.139	-0.826^**	-0.901^**	-0.787^**
茎生物量比SMR	0.543	0.414	-0.250	0.303	0.165	0.139	-0.238
叶生物量比LMR	0.664^*	0.620^*	0.241	0.719^*	0.851^**	0.745^**	-0.922^**	-0.156
根冠比R/S	-0.832^**	-0.743^**	-0.178	-0.801^**	-0.877^**	-0.775^**	0.992^**	-0.176	-0.939^**
粗根可溶性糖Coarse root soluble sugar	0.604^*	0.637^*	0.418	0.762^**	0.794^**	0.776^**	-0.756^**	0.138	0.713^*	-0.747^**
细根可溶性糖Fine root soluble sugar	0.137	-0.010	0.590	0.339	0.380	0.453	-0.245	-0.284	0.362	-0.274	0.444
茎可溶性糖 Stem soluble sugar	-0.168	-0.123	0.470	0.084	0.100	0.191	-0.055	-0.361	0.200	-0.101	0.558	0.535
叶可溶性糖 Leaf soluble sugar	0.677^*	0.526	0.282	0.636^*	0.735^**	0.667^*	-0.806^**	-0.109	0.863^**	-0.833	0.514	0.393	0.035
粗根淀粉 Coarse root starch	-0.136	-0.136	0.497	0.035	-0.025	0.118	0.161	-0.159	-0.100	0.121	0.326	0.655^*	0.634^*	-0.136
细根淀粉 Fine root starch	-0.083	0.055	0.310	0.079	0.029	0.117	-0.076	-0.129	0.128	-0.151	-0.021	0.188	0.001	0.097	0.091
茎淀粉 Stem starch	-0.179	-0.198	0.143	-0.090	-0.057	-0.029	-0.142	-0.192	0.220	-0.225	0.391	0.336	0.742^**	0.091	0.435	0.371
叶淀粉 Leaf starch	0.560	0.541	0.551	0.743^**	0.753^**	0.780^**	-0.646^*	0.107	0.615^*	-0.638^*	0.612^*	0.500	0.302	0.606^*	-0.071	0.060	0.163
粗根非结构性碳水化合物 Coarse root NSC	0.132	0.145	0.562	0.331	0.296	0.403	-0.173	-0.072	0.204	-0.201	0.658^*	0.699^*	0.728^*	0.096	0.926^**	0.064	0.502	0.187
细根非结构性碳水化合物 Fine root NSC	-0.023	0.045	0.481	0.190	0.161	0.264	-0.154	-0.213	-0.241	-0.229	0.140	0.521	0.193	0.225	0.313	0.936^**	0.443	0.231	0.305
茎非结构性碳水化合物 Stem NSC	-0.186	-0.186	0.252	-0.042	-0.011	0.038	-0.123	-0.255	0.227	-0.200	0.465	0.417	0.865^**	0.079	0.522	0.278	0.978^**	0.215	0.601	0.391
叶非结构性碳水化合物 Leaf NSC	0.648^*	0.587	0.517	0.778^**	0.817^**	0.816^**	-0.756^**	0.049	0.749^**	-0.758^**	0.637^*	0.512	0.246	0.786^**	-0.098	0.077	0.155	0.968^**	0.176	0.250	0.192

表1

表2

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