基于活立木茎干含水量的杨树生长状态评估模型构建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210505

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析活立木茎干含水量在不同季节的变化规律及与所在环境中各参数的变化关系，构建一种通过茎干含水量反映植物生长状态的数学模型，为未来搭建树木生命状态评价体系提供模型基础和解决思路。方法: 基于2017-2018年实测杨树茎干含水量数据，将全年植物生长状态划分为萌芽期、生长期、落叶期和休眠期，分析各生长周期茎干含水量变化规律。对多维环境数据进行主成分分析，选取最大主成分（PC1）与活立木茎干含水量绘制日变化曲线，提出一种植物茎干含水量椭圆模型，用于评判植物生命体征状况。结果: 萌芽期茎干含水量处于上升态势，4月初日均值为20%，4月末增至43%，日变幅为5%~8%；生长期茎干含水量日均值稳定在50%上下，变化情况受天气影响较大，日变幅差异明显，最大9%，最小1%；落叶期茎干含水量逐渐降低，从10月初的日均值46.9%降至月末的42.8%，日变幅减小至4%；休眠期因低温产生水分冻融现象，茎干含水量波动剧烈，12月中最小值为12%，最大值为42%，日变幅最大达20%。针对植物不同生长周期分别进行椭圆曲线拟合，结果显示：春季萌芽期与冬季休眠期的茎干含水量变化规律近似，椭圆倾角θ < 0°，与PC1变化呈负相关；夏季生长期与秋季落叶期的茎干含水量变化规律近似，与PC1变化呈正相关，其中生长期植物受环境影响较弱，θ绝对值最小。从倾角与旋转方向可推导出茎干含水量与环境参数的超前或滞后关系，其中萌芽期与休眠期茎干含水量滞后于环境参数，生长期与落叶期茎干含水量超前于环境参数。结论: 基于茎干含水量的生长状态评估可为植物生命体征研究提供全新研究方向，各生长周期的椭圆拟合曲线区分度较高，有可能作为植物生长状态的评判标准，基于此可进一步研究出更完善的植物生理评价体系并用于实际生产中。

关键词: 茎干含水量, 生长状态, 主成分分析, 椭圆拟合

Abstract:

Objective: At present, the evaluation system for human life and health has been very mature, but there is no scientifical and mature evaluation standard for plant life. In this article, we intend to construct a model that can reflect the growth status of plants by analyzing the stem moisture information collected by the stem moisture sensor of living standing trees, and to provide a model basis and solution ideas for building a assessment system of plant life status in the future. Method: The stem moisture data of poplars were collected from 2017 to 2018.The annual plant growth status was divided into: germination stage, growth stage, defoliation stage, and dormancy period, and the moisture content of plant stems at each stage was analyzed. Then, the principal component analysis of multi-dimensional environmental data was carried out, and the maxmum principal component PC1 and the stem moisture data of the standing trees were selected for further analysis. Anellipse model of plant stem water moisture was proposed to evaluate the status of plant vital signs. Result: In the germination stage, the stem moisture content of poplars increased. The average daily value was 20% at the beginning of April, and increased to 43% at the end of April. The daily variation amplitude was 5%-8%.The daily average value of stem water in July was stable at 50%.The change was affected by the weather, and the differencein daily variation was obvious, with a maximum of 9% and a minimum of 1%.The stem moisture decreased gradually from the average value of 46.9% at the beginning of October to 42.8% at the end of the month, and the daily variation amplitude decreased to 4%.During the dormant period, the water freezed and thawed due to low temperature, and the stem moisture fluctuated drastically. The minimum value in December was 12%, the maximum value was 42%, and the daily variation amplitude was up to 20%. An elliptic curve was fitted for different growth stages of plants. The fitting results showed that the change pattern of stem water in spring germination period and winter dormancy period was similar, and the elliptical inclination is < 0°, which was negatively correlated with PC1 changes. The changes of stem moisture in summer growth period and autumn defoliation period were similar, which was positively correlated with PC1 changes. Among them, the plants in the growing period were less affected by the environment, and the absolute value of the elliptical inclination was the smallest. The inclination and rotation direction can be used to infer the lead-lag relationship between stem moisture and environmental parameters. The stem moisture in the germination and dormancy periods lagged behind the environmental parameters, and the stem moisture in the growing and defoliating stages was ahead of the environmental parameters. Conclusion: The stem water content-based growth state assessment proposed in this paper provides a new research direction for the research of plant vital signs. The four-stage ellipse fitting curve has higher discrimination, which can be used as a criterion for plant growth status. Based on this, a more perfect plant physiological evaluation system can be further studied and applied to actual production and life.

Key words: stem moisture, growth state, principal component analysis, ellipse fitting

中图分类号:

S711

刘卫平,宋维,高超,赵燕东. 基于活立木茎干含水量的杨树生长状态评估模型构建[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 43-52.

Weiping Liu,Wei Song,Chao Gao,Yandong Zhao. Construction of Evaluation Model of Poplar Growth Status Based on Stem Moisture of Standing Trees[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 43-52.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表1

表2

图12

图13

表3

参考文献 0

	冯磊. 2005. 基于驻波率原理的土壤水分测量技术的研究. 北京: 中国农业大学硕士学位论文.
	Feng L. 2005. Study on soil moisture measuring technique based on standing-wave ratio theory. Beijing: MS thesis of China Agricultural University. [in Chinese]
	冯良平, 徐岚. 射频同轴连接器设计要点. 国外电子测量技术, 2005, 24 (11): 39- 44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-8978.2005.11.012
	Feng L P , Xu L . Some design art for RF coaxial connectors. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2005, 24 (11): 39- 44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-8978.2005.11.012
	高超, 赵玥, 赵燕东. 基于微环境参数集的茎干含水量变化规律与估算模型研究. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48 (12): 292- 298. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.035
	Gao C , Zhao Y , Zhao Y D . Variation rule and estimation model of stem water content based on micro-environment parameter set. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48 (12): 292- 298. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.035
	顾润源, 周伟灿, 白美兰, 等. 气候变化对内蒙古草原典型植物物候的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32 (3): 767- 776.
	Gu R Y , Zhou W C , Bai M L , et al. Impacts of climate change on phenological phase of herb in the main grassland in Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32 (3): 767- 776.
	贾天宇, 刘廷玺, 段利民, 等. 2020. 半干旱沙丘草甸过渡带人工杨树蒸腾耗水规律. 生态学杂, 39(10): 3255-3264.
	Jia T Y, Liu T X, Duan L M, et al. Transpiration and water consumption of poplar trees in semi-arid dune meadow transition zone. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 39(10): 3255-3264. [in Chinese]
	李雪松, 贾德彬, 钱龙娇, 等. 2018. 基于同位素技术分析不同生长季节杨树水分利用. 生态学杂志, 37(3): 840-846.
	Li X S, Jia D B, Qian L J, et al. Water use strategy of poplar (Populus alba) in different growing seasons based on isotopic analysis. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37(3): 840-846. [in Chinese]
	刘贺, 赵燕东. 基于驻波原理的短探针小麦茎水分传感器. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27 (11): 140- 144. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.11.027
	Liu H , Zhao Y D . Wheat stem moisture sensor using short probes based on SWR principle. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011, 27 (11): 140- 144. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.11.027
	宋玉光, 马宗琪, 董蔚, 等. 春季杨树叶片发育过程的研究. 林业科技, 2016, 41 (3): 20- 23.
	Song Y G , Ma Z Q , Dong W , et al. Study on the development process of Populus tomentosa leaf in spring. Forestry Science & Technology, 2016, 41 (3): 20- 23.
	闫年, 吴文友, 刘桂华, 等. 四个杨树品系夏季光合作用日变化. 林业科技开发, 2011, 25 (2): 48- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2011.02.012
	Yan N , Wu W Y , Liu G H , et al. A study on diurnal variation of photosynthesis in four Populus strains. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2011, 25 (2): 48- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2011.02.012
	岳志勤, 姚志明, 宋岩. 同轴电缆转接中特性阻抗的错位补偿计算方法. 现代应用物理, 2014, 5 (1): 64- 70.
	Yue Z Q , Yao Z M , Song Y . Calculation of impedance compensation for design of coaxial cable connectors. Modern Applied Physics, 2014, 5 (1): 64- 70.
	赵燕东, 高超, 张新, 等. 基于驻波率原理的植物茎体水分无损检测方法研究. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47 (1): 310- 316.
	Zhao Y D , Gao C , Zhang X , et al. Non-destructive measurement of plant stem water content based on standing wave ratio. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47 (1): 310- 316.
	赵燕东, 聂铭君. 双针结构土壤水分传感器探针最优长度分析与试验. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42 (11): 39- 43.
	Zhao Y D , Nie M J . Optimal analysis for determining the dual-pin length of soil moisture probe. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42 (11): 39- 43.
	赵燕东, 王一鸣. 基于驻波率原理的土壤含水率测量方法. 农业机械学报, 2002, 33 (4): 109- 111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1298.2002.04.033
	Zhao Y D , Wang Y M . Study on the measurement of soil water content based on the principle of standing-wave ratio. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2002, 33 (4): 109- 111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1298.2002.04.033
	Beedlow P A , Waschmann R S , Lee E H , et al. Seasonal patterns of bole water content in old growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2017, 242, 109- 119. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.04.017
	Byrne G F , Fenn M D , Burgar M I . Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of water in tree sections. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 1986, 38 (4): 307- 317.
	Inoue T , Nagai S , Kobayashi H , et al. Utilization of ground-based digital photography for the evaluation of seasonal changes in the aboveground green biomass and foliage phenology in a grassland ecosystem. Ecological Informatics, 2015, 25, 1- 9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.09.013
	Jin H , Anna M J , Bolmgren K , et al. Disentangling remotely-sensed plant phenology and snow seasonality at northern Europe using MODIS and the plant phenology index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, 198, 203- 212. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.015
	Levy M M . Computers in the intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care, 2004, 19 (4): 199- 200. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.10.002
	Maini E S . Enhanced direct least square fitting of ellipses. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2006, 20 (6): 939- 953. doi: 10.1142/S021800140600506X
	Molina A J , Aranda X , Llorens P , et al. Sap flow of a wild cherry tree plantation growing under Mediterranean conditions: assessing the role of environmental conditions on canopy conductance and the effect of branch pruning on water productivity. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 218, 222- 233. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.019
	Mulleti S , Seelamantula C S . Ellipse fitting using the finite rate of innovation sampling principle. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2015, 25 (3): 1451- 1464.
	Panagiotakis C , Argyros A . Parameter-free modelling of 2D shapes with ellipses. Pattern Recognition, 2016, 53, 259- 275. doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2015.11.004
	Sevanto S , Teemu H , Holbrook N M . Effects of the hydraulic coupling between xylem and phloem on diurnal phloem diameter variation. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2011, 34 (4): 690- 703.
	Tie Q , Hu H , Tian F , et al. Environmental and physiological controls on sap flow in a subhumid mountainous catchment in North China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2017, 240 (1): 46- 57.
	Zhou H , Sun Y , Shan G , et al. In situ measurement of stem water content and diurnal storage of an apricot tree with a high frequency inner fringing dielectric sensor. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 250/251, 35- 46. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.002

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalues	贡献率 Contribution rate(%)
PC1	915.97	81.98
PC2	185.34	16.59
PC3	15.86	1.41
PC4	0.15	0.02

参数种类 Type	特征系数 Characteristic coefficient
空气温度Air temperature	-0.163 2
空气湿度Air humidity	0.920 7
光合有效辐射Photosynthetically active radiation	-0.354 4
饱和水气压差Vapor pressure deficit	-0.001 1

参数类型Type	A	B	S	T	θ>
萌芽期Germination	14.888 6	1.919 7	-43.019 7	33.601 6	-9.040 4°
生长期Growth	27.825 8	2.397 5	-18.455 9	47.523 3	6.039 4°
落叶期Defoliation	6.762 2	0.880 5	37.740 8	42.528 9	8.569 7°
休眠期Dormancy	26.393 9	3.702 5	1.842 6	18.075 6	-8.238 7°

[1]	张雪,钟全林,李宝银,姚湘明,徐朝斌,程栋梁,郑跃芳,余华. 翅荚木同龄林林木叶片性状与胸径生长关系[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 168-175.
[2]	林文树, 穆丹, 王丽平, 邵立郡, 吴金卓. 针阔混交林不同演替阶段表层土壤理化性质与优势林木生长的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 17-25.
[3]	朱玉杰, 董希斌. 大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 29-38.
[4]	翟辉, 张海, 张超, 周旭. 黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 84-91.
[5]	李效文, 夏海涛, 魏红旭, 魏馨, 王金旺, 卢翔, 陈秋夏. 甬台温高速公路绿化林带内不同距离多树种枝叶重金属含量分析[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(12): 17-25.
[6]	马姜明, 黄婧, 杨栋林, 梅军林. 桂林喀斯特石山50种常见植物叶片光合色素含量及耐荫性定量评价[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 67-74.
[7]	宋启亮, 董希斌. 大兴安岭低质阔叶混交林不同改造模式综合评价[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(9): 18-25.
[8]	李文敏, 魏虹, 李昌晓, 陈存根. 基于高光谱参数的枫杨叶绿素含量估算模型优化[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(4): 55-59.
[9]	刘子豪, 汪杭军. 基于PCA+FisherTrees特征融合的木材识别[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(6): 122-128.
[10]	刘子豪, 祁亨年, 张广群, 汪杭军. 基于横切面微观构造图像的木材识别方法[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(11): 116-121.
[11]	马闯, 张文辉, 吴敏, 马莉薇, 周建云, 薛瑶芹. 栓皮栎幼苗根系发育对环境异质性的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(10): 58-65.
[12]	吴飏;张登荣;张汉奎;武红敢. 结合图像纹理特征的森林郁闭度遥感估测[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(2): 48-53.
[13]	汤孟平;徐文兵;陈永刚;邓英英;赵明水. 天目山近自然毛竹林空间结构与生物量的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(8): 1-6.
[14]	吕海龙;董希斌. 基于主成分分析的小兴安岭低质林不同皆伐改造模式评价[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(12): 172-178.
[15]	汪杭军;汪碧辉. 一种新的针叶材自动识别方法[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(10): 141-145.