林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (10): 59-70.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211006
尹伊君,毛云飞,杨露,张璐璐,胡艳丽,毛志泉,陈学森,沈向*
收稿日期:
2020-11-12
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-12-11
通讯作者:
沈向
基金资助:
Yijun Yin,Yunfei Mao,Lu Yang,Lulu Zhang,Yanli Hu,Zhiquan Mao,Xuesen Chen,Xiang Shen*
Received:
2020-11-12
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-12-11
Contact:
Xiang Shen
摘要:
目的: 研究增氧灌溉对平邑甜茶生长及根区土壤环境的影响,为探明该灌溉方法对大田模式栽培下果树的影响提供参考。方法: 分别以1年生、2年生盆栽平邑甜茶为试材,设置3种不同含氧量的灌溉水,探讨其对地上部生长的影响,并研究地下部根系对其响应,测定根区土壤酶活性和调查微生物群落的差异。结果: 灌溉水中的含氧量为(5±0.1)mg·L-1的处理显著性最佳,1年生处理株高、地径、地上部干质量显著提高37.1%、35.0%、50.3%,2年生处理株高、地径、地上部干质量显著提高17.1%、16.4%、17.2%,并且均可不同程度改善植株叶片的光合性能与荧光特性,显著提高植株叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌矿质元素含量。灌溉水中含氧量为(5±0.1)mg·L-1的处理,其根系长度、根系表面积、根尖数和根系呼吸速率均显著高于其他处理,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等根系抗氧化酶活性也均高于其他处理;同时,该处理可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性,并使土壤微细菌、放线菌增加,真菌减少。结论: 灌溉水中的含氧量在(1±0.1)mg·L-1~(5±0.1)mg·L-1的范围内,含氧量越高,对改善盆栽平邑甜茶生长、根区土壤环境以及土壤微生物结构的效果越明显。
中图分类号:
尹伊君,毛云飞,杨露,张璐璐,胡艳丽,毛志泉,陈学森,沈向. 增氧灌溉对平邑甜茶生长及根区土壤的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(10): 59-70.
Yijun Yin,Yunfei Mao,Lu Yang,Lulu Zhang,Yanli Hu,Zhiquan Mao,Xuesen Chen,Xiang Shen. Effects of Aerated Irrigation on the Growth and Rhizosphere Soil of Malus hupehensis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(10): 59-70.
表2
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶地上部生长的影响"
处理 Treat-ment | 株高 Plant height | 地径 Ground diameter | 地上部干质量 Aboveground dry weight | ||||||||
7月 July/cm | 8月 August/cm | 9月 September/cm | 7月 July/mm | 8月 August/mm | 9月 September/mm | 7月 July/g | 8月 August/g | 9月 September/g | |||
P1 | 20.0±1.79 c | 23.9±0.75 c | 32.8±0.38 c | 1.37±0.168 c | 1.93±0.022 c | 2.85±0.033 c | 3.07±0.035 c | 4.96±0.057 c | 6.85±0.079 b | ||
P2 | 21.7±0.51 b | 27.5±1.26 b | 35.6±0.37 b | 1.69±0.126 b | 2.38±0.025 b | 3.58±0.036 b | 4.87±0.056 b | 6.01±0.069 b | 8.85±0.102 a | ||
P3 | 25.7±0.95 a | 38.0±1.26 a | 43.1±0.46 a | 1.92±0.105 a | 2.97±0.027 a | 4.28±0.049 a | 6.18±0.071 a | 7.55±0.087 a | 9.17±0.106 a | ||
T1 | 72.7±2.73 b | 91.3±1.33 c | 98.7±1.14 c | 6.41±0.163 b | 7.25±0.084 c | 8.54±0.099 c | 27.60±0.32 c | 37.60±0.43 c | 41.40±0.48 c | ||
T2 | 75.0±1.73 b | 98.7±1.28 b | 105.2±1.21 b | 7.07±0.093 a | 7.76±0.085 b | 9.25±0.107 b | 30.40±0.35 b | 39.90±0.46 b | 46.60±0.54 b | ||
T3 | 87.7±1.21 a | 104.0±1.03 a | 112.8±1.30 a | 6.97±0.189 a | 8.01±0.092 a | 10.21±0.118 a | 33.20±0.38 a | 42.90±0.50 a | 50.00±0.58 a |
表3
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶相对叶绿素含量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July(SPAD) | 8月 August(SPAD) | 9月 September(SPAD) |
P1 | 51.8±0.04 a | 50.9±0.59 c | 51.4±0.59 c |
P2 | 51.2±0.69 a | 53.1±0.12 b | 53.2±0.61 b |
P3 | 51.8±0.57 a | 55.8±0.01 a | 55.7±0.64 a |
T1 | 54.4±0.76 a | 50.9±0.47 c | 51.8±0.60 c |
T2 | 55.6±0.13 a | 53.7±0.84 b | 54.9±0.62 b |
T3 | 54.8±0.98 a | 56.5±0.13 a | 57.2±0.66 a |
表4
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶叶片净光合速率的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July/(μmol·m-2s-1) | 8月 August/(μmol·m-2s-1) | 9月 September/(μmol·m-2s-1) |
P1 | 13.6±0.15 c | 13.8±0.84 c | 14.5±0.17 c |
P2 | 14.9±0.15 ab | 16.4±0.63 b | 16.3±0.19 b |
P3 | 15.3±0.17 a | 19.3±0.79 a | 17.5±0.20 a |
T1 | 17.8±0.16 b | 16.8±0.90 c | 17.1±0.15 c |
T2 | 18.3±0.08 b | 19.0±0.43 b | 19.1±0.17 b |
T3 | 19.8±0.09 a | 20.5±1.16 a | 21.3±0.20 a |
表5
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶叶片Fv/Fm的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July | 8月 August | 9月 September |
P1 | 0.66±0.025 c | 0.71±0.049 c | 0.73±0.004 c |
P2 | 0.72±0.038 b | 0.76±0.011 b | 0.79±0.001 b |
P3 | 0.76±0.039 a | 0.81±0.017 a | 0.85±0.038 a |
T1 | 0.79±0.009 a | 0.83±0.004 b | 0.81±0.001 c |
T2 | 0.83±0.013 a | 0.83±0.005 b | 0.85±0.006 b |
T3 | 0.76±0.032 a | 0.87±0.012 a | 0.89± 0.007 a |
表6
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶叶片矿质营养的影响"
处理 Treatment | 氮 Nitrogen(%) | 磷 Phosphorus(%) | 钾 Potassium(%) | 镁 Magnesium/(μg·g-1) | 铁 Iron/(μg·g-1) | 钙 Calcium/(μg·g-1) | 锌 Zinc/(μg·g-1) |
P1 | 2.03±0.537 c | 0.176±0.011 b | 1.71±0.006 c | 331.3±6.5 c | 106.1±3.05 c | 318.5±6.54 c | 4.09±0.05 c |
P2 | 2.59±0.727 b | 0.177±0.009 b | 2.22±0.002 b | 393.5±5.4 b | 120.8±4.31 b | 451.5±5.21 b | 4.29±0.04 b |
P3 | 3.07±0.771 a | 0.196±0.005 a | 2.74±0.002 a | 457.1±4.8 a | 150.4±2.61 a | 566.5±3.67 a | 4.47±0.05 a |
T1 | 2.65±0.284 c | 0.191±0.005 c | 1.96±0.0005 b | 430.6±5.3 b | 83.5±1.95 c | 427.5±4.94 b | 4.53±0.04 b |
T2 | 3.21±0.491 b | 0.212±0.007 b | 2.22±0.006 b | 424.8±5.9 b | 97.3±2.01 b | 433.5±5.01 b | 4.47±0.05 b |
T3 | 4.05±0.358 a | 0.241±0.004 a | 3.25±0.008 a | 489.1±6.2 a | 110.7±1.17 a | 488.6±5.63 a | 4.78±0.06 a |
表7
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶土壤微细菌数量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July/(105 CFU·g-1) | 8月 August/(105 CFU·g-1) | 9月 September/(105 CFU·g-1) |
P1 | 6.70±0.88 c | 20.7±1.38 c | 27.3±1.06 c |
P2 | 9.00±1.08 b | 26.0±0.58 b | 31.7±0.91 b |
P3 | 16.00±1.73 a | 34.3±1.03 a | 38.7±0.96 a |
T1 | 7.30±1.76 c | 13.0±1.00 c | 30.3±1.18 c |
T2 | 11.70±0.33 b | 22.3±1.45 b | 35.7±1.86 b |
T3 | 16.70±1.60 a | 31.3±1.33 a | 43.0±1.00 a |
表8
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶土壤微真菌数量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July/(104 CFU·g-1) | 8月 August/(104 CFU·g-1) | 9月 September/(104 CFU·g-1) |
P1 | 24.7±1.71 a | 31.0±1.31 a | 35.7±0.60 a |
P2 | 21.0±1.65 b | 26.7±0.88 b | 30.7±0.76 b |
P3 | 18.0±1.06 b | 20.0±1.86 c | 25.7±1.20 c |
T1 | 18.3±0.89 a | 33.7±1.86 a | 38.3±0.67 a |
T2 | 12.0±1.73 b | 27.0±1.53 b | 31.0±1.52 b |
T3 | 11.7±1.20 b | 23.0±1.00 c | 23.0±1.08 c |
表9
增氧灌溉对1、2年生平邑甜茶土壤微放线菌数量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 7月 July/(105 CFU·g-1) | 8月 August/(105 CFU·g-1) | 9月 September/(105 CFU·g-1) |
P1 | 21.7±2.67 c | 47.7±2.03 c | 23.0±0.58 c |
P2 | 24.3±2.85 b | 50.7±3.18 b | 30.3±1.84 b |
P3 | 29.0±1.53 a | 53.3±1.76 a | 34.0±1.58 a |
T1 | 19.0±1.53 c | 25.3±0.67 c | 30.7±1.84 c |
T2 | 23.0±2.00 b | 31.3±1.91 b | 37.3±2.60 b |
T3 | 27.7±1.18 a | 36.3±0.88 a | 43.0±1.00 a |
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