中国重要丛生竹热值及能量现存量

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160815

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]测定中国重要丛生竹的热值，结合其生物量计算对应的能量现存量，比较其现状差异，并探究丛生竹系统中具有发展生物质能源优势的竹种，为今后丛生竹生物质能源的开发利用、发展及相关研究提供基础资料。[方法]以中国8种重要丛生竹（青皮竹、粉单竹、麻竹、绿竹、黄竹、龙竹、缅甸竹、慈竹）的竹叶、竹枝、竹秆等器官为对象，分析其单位面积生物量，利用量热仪测定干物质热值，计算单位面积能量现存量。[结果]8种丛生竹单位面积生物量为16.68~77.72 t·hm^-2，其中龙竹最高，麻竹最小；各器官单位面积生物量表现为竹秆 >竹枝 >竹叶，不同丛生竹生物量分配不同；8种丛生竹各器官干物质热值为16.407~19.948 kJ·g^-1，相同器官的干物质热值随竹龄增大而略有降低，竹种间器官平均干物质热值均以缅甸竹最高，最低的为绿竹的竹叶（16.652 kJ·g^-1）和竹枝（17.522 kJ·g^-1）及慈竹的竹秆（17.710 kJ·g^-1）；除慈竹外，其他丛生竹的热值均表现为竹叶< 竹枝< 竹秆，慈竹表观为竹叶< 竹秆< 竹枝；各丛生竹地上部分单位面积能量现存量（MJ·m^-2）表现为龙竹（142.17） >粉单竹（115.41） >慈竹（112.97） >缅甸竹（95.26） >青皮竹（87.50）>绿竹（85.31） >黄竹（85.14） >麻竹（31.34）。[结论]丛生竹是潜在的能源竹种，受林分特征、气候因素和竹种本身特性等因素的影响，8种丛生竹的热值、生物量及其分配差异显著。8种丛生竹的生长环境条件各异，以能量现存量最为基本单位进行竹种间的比较更加可靠。8种丛生竹能量现存量及其分配存在差异，单位面积生物量差异是其主要影响因素。比较8种丛生竹能量现存量的现状，龙竹较其他竹种具有效大的优势，有利于今后丛生竹生物质能源的开发、利用及相关研究。

关键词: 丛生竹, 器官, 干物质热值, 生物量, 能量现存量

Abstract: [Objective] The sympodial bamboos is an important potential energy source,, and studies of gross caloric values (GCV) of them is of great significance. This study aims to determine the GCV of different organs of bamboo and estimate the standing crop of energy (SCE) of 8 sympodial bamboo species in China. By comparing the differences of SCE of 8 sympodial bamboo species, advantageous specie can be identified for developing biomass energy from sympodial bamboos. This study was intended to provide basic data for the development and utilization of biomass energy from sympodial bamboos.[Method] Leaves, branches and culms of the 8 sympodial bamboo species (Bambusa textilis, Bambusa chungii, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Dendrocalamopsis oldhami, Dendrocalamus membranceu, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Bambusa burmanica and Neosinocalamus affinis) were selected as experimental materials. Biomass of the samples were investigated, the GCV of the samples was measured with the calorimeter, and the SCE was estimated.[Result] 1) The biomass of 8 sympodial bamboo species were ranged from 16.68 to 77.72 t·hm^-2, the biomass of Dendrocalamus giganteus was the highest, the biomass of Dendrocalamus latiflorus was the lowest. Besides, the biomass of different bamboo organs was in the following order:culms > branches > leaves. There were variations in the distribution of biomass among different organs. 2) The GCVs of different organs among the 8 sympodial bamboo species ranged from 16.407 to 19.948 kJ·g^-1. The GCVs were decreased with the increase of age of the bamboos. The GCV of each organ was higher in Bambusa burmanica than in the other species. The GCV of leaf (16.652 kJ·g^-1) and branch (17.522 kJ·g^-1) was lower in Dendrocalamopsis oldhami than in the others. The GCV of culm was significantly lower in Neosinocalamus affinis (17.710 kJ·g^-1) than in the others. Except for Neosinocalamus affinis, the GCVs of different organs among other sympodial bamboo species were in the following order:culms >branches > leaves. The GCVs of different organs of Neosinocalamus affinis were in the following order:branches > culms > leaves. 3) The SCEs of 8 sympodial bamboo species were in the following order:Dendrocalamus giganteus (142.17 MJ·m^-2) > Bambusa chungii (115.41 MJ·m^-2) > Neosinocalamus affinis (112.97 MJ·m^-2) > Bambusa burmanica (95.26 MJ·m^-2) > Bambusa textilis (87.50 MJ·m^-2) > Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(85.31 MJ·m^-2) > Dendrocalamus membramaceus (85.14 MJ·m^-2) > Dendrocalamus latiflorus (31.34 MJ·m^-2).[Conclusion] 1) Sympodial bamboos are potential energy sources, influenced by biological characteristics of the bamboos, characteristics of the bamboo forest and climate conditions, there were significant differences in GCV, biomass and its allocation among the 8 sympodial bamboo species. 2) Because of the different habitats of 8 sympodial bamboo species, the comparison between different bamboo species based on SCE is more reliable. There were significant differences in the SCE and the distribution of SCE among 8 sympodial bamboo species. Different SCEs of different species mainly depended on the difference of biomass. 3) By comparing the SCEs of the 8 sympodial bamboo species, Dendrocalamus giganteus was more advantageous over the other species, in favoring utilization and development of biomass energy from sympodial bamboos and follow-up studies in future.

Key words: sympodial bamboo, organs, gross caloric values, biomass, standing crop of energy

中图分类号:

S718.3

滕江南, 黄张婷, 项婷婷, 姜培坤, 孟赐福. 中国重要丛生竹热值及能量现存量[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(8): 122-130.

Teng Jiangnan, Huang Zhangting, Xiang Tingting, Jiang Peikun, Meng Cifu. Calorific Values and Standing Crop of Energy of Important Sympodial Bamboo Species in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(8): 122-130.

参考文献

鲍雅静,李政海,韩兴国,等.2006.植物热值及其生物生态学属性.生物学杂志,25(9):1095-1103.
(Bao Y J,Li Z H,Han X G, et al. 2006.Plant caloric value and its bioecological attributes.Chinese Journal of Ecology,25(9):1095-1103.[in Chinese])
陈宝昆,杨宇明,张国学,等.2007.大型丛生竹的培育技术及其综合利用研究.西部林业科学,36(2):1-9.
(Chen B K,Yang Y M,Zhang G X, et al. 2007.A study on cultivation and integrated utilization of large size cluster bamboo.Journal of West China Forestry Science,36(2):1-9.[in Chinese])
陈松河.2007.园林竹类植物叶绿素含量的研究.西北林学院学报,22(5):37-41.
(Chen S H.2007.A study on the chlorophyll content of garden bamboo species.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,22(5):37-41.[in Chinese])
顾大形,陈双林,郭子武,等.2011.四季竹立竹地上现存生物量及其与构建因子关系.林业科学研究,24(4):495-499.
(Gu D X,Chen S L,Guo Z W, et al. 2011.Above-ground biomass allocation and relationship with ramet component of Oligostachyum lubricum. Forest Research,24(4):495-499.[in Chinese])
洪伟,兰斌,吴承祯,等.1998.毛竹林能量分配的研究.林业科学,34(1):78-81.
(Hong W,Lan B,Wu C Z, et al. 1998.Study on energy distribution of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens forest.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,34(1):78-81.[in Chinese])
孔维健,周本智,顾小平,等.2009.大木竹和吊丝单竹热值分析.林业科学,45(8):108-112.
(Kong W J,Zhou B Z,Gu X P, et al. 2009.Analysis on the caloric value of Bambusa wenchouensis and Dendrocalamopsis variostriata. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,45(8):108-112.[in Chinese])
林益明,林鹏.1998.华安县绿竹林能量的研究.厦门大学学报:自然科学版,37(6):908-914.
(Lin Y M,Lin P.1998.Energy of dendrocalamopsis oldhami forest in Hua'an County.Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,37(6):908-914.[in Chinese])
林益明,李和阳,林鹏,等.2000a.福建南靖虎伯寮亚热带雨林竹类植物热值的研究.竹子研究汇刊,19(1):57-62.
(Lin Y M,Li H Y,Lin P, et al. 2000a.Caloric values of bamboo species in the subtropical rain forests at Huboliao of Nanjing County,Fujian.Journal of Bamboo Research,19(1):57-62.[in Chinese])
林益明,郑茂钟,林鹏,等.2000b.园林竹类植物叶的热值和灰分含量研究.厦门大学学报:自然科学版,39(1):136-140.
(Lin Y M,Zhen M Z,Lin P, et al. 2000b.Ash content and caloric value in leaves of garden bamboo species.Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,39(1):136-140.[in Chinese])
林益明,黎中宝,陈奕源,等.2001.福建华安竹园一些竹类植物叶的热值研究.植物学通报,18(3):356-362.
(Lin Y M,Li Z B,Chen Y Y, et al.2001.Caloric values in leaves of some bamboo species in the bamboo garden of Hua'an county,Fujian.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,18(3):356-362.[in Chinese])
林益明,王湛昌,柯莉娜,等.2003.四种灌木状与四种乔木状棕榈植物热值的月变化.生态学报,23(6):1117-1124.
(Lin Y M,Wang Z C,Ke L N, et al. 2003.Monthly changes in the caloric values of the leaveas of four shrubby and four tree-dwelling palmae species.Acta Ecologica Sinica,23(6):1117-1124.[in Chinese])
刘美,张涛,马李红,等.2014.3种海拔对团竹生物量分配和克隆形态特征的影响.西部林业科学,43(6):19-23.
(Liu M,Zhang T,Ma L H, et al. 2014.Location effects from 3 altitudes on biomass allocation and cloning morphology of Fargesia obliqua.Journal of West China Forestry Science,43(6):19-23.[in Chinese])
鲁顺保,饶玮,张艳杰,等.2009.厚壁毛竹热值与生物量分配规律初探.竹子研究汇刊,28(3):34-37.
(Lu S B,Rao W,Zhang Y J, et al. 2009.A preliminary study on caloric values and biomass distribution of Phyllostachys edulis cv. pachyloen.Journal of Bamboo Research,28(3):34-37.[in Chinese])
马乃训.2004.国产丛生竹类资源与利用.竹子研究汇刊,23(1):1-5.
(Ma N X.2004.Resources of sympodial bamboos in China and their utilization.Journal of Bamboo Research,23(1):1-5.[in Chinese])
潘标志.2004.麻竹生物学特性研究.浙江林业科技,24(1):21-23.
(Pan B Z.2004.Study on biological properties of Dendrocalamus latiflorus.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,24(1):21-23.[in Chinese])
苏智先,黄焰平,牟德俊,等.1993.慈竹无性系种群能值特点及其影响能值计测因素的研究.植物生态学与地植物学学报,17(3):273-279.
(Su Z X,Huang Y P,Mu D J, et al. 1993.Studies on the features of energy value and the factors of affecting measuring energy value of Neosinocalamus affinis clone population.Acta Phytechlogica et Geobotanica Sinica,17(3):273-279.[in Chinese])
王炜,刘钟龄.1993.羊草草原群落及其主要植物种群地上部分热值动态的研究.干旱区资源与环境,(2):60-76.
(Wang W,Liu Z L.1993.Study on the calorific value dynamics of abovegroud parts of aneurolepidium Chinese-stipa grandis community and its sixteen populations.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,(2):60-76.[in Chinese])
杨福囤,王启基,史顺海.1983.青藏高原矮蒿草草甸常见植物的热值及灰分含量.中国草地学报,2(1):24-27.
(Yang F T,Wang Q J,Shi S H.1983.Caloric value and ash content in common plants of Kobresia humilis meadow in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2(1):24-27[in Chinese])
杨晶波.2014.中国植物热值研究进展.经济研究导刊,(2):255-256.
(Yang J B.2014.Research progress of plant calorific value in China.Economic Research Guide,(2):255-256.[in Chinese])
张范福,刘书艳,杨军元,等.2013.植物热值的影响因素及其测定方法.林业勘察设计,(4):60-61.
(Zhang F F,Liu S Y,Yang J Y, et al. 2013.Study on the influence factors and measurement method of plant calorific value.Forest Investigation Design,(4):60-61.[in Chinese])
张鸿芳,陈佐忠.1993.大针茅典型草原几种主要植物含热值的季节变化.植物学通报,(1):51-53.
(Zhang H F,Chen Z Z.1993.Seasonal variation of the caloric values of the several dominant plants in the typical Stipa grandis steppe.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,(1):51-53.[in Chinese])
赵廷宁,杨维西,王冬梅,等.1992.木本植物热值与树龄关系的研究.北京林业大学学报,14(3):46-53.
(Zhao T N,Yang W X,Wang D M, et al. 1992.A study on the relationship between the calorific values of woody plants and tree ages.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,14(3):46-53.[in Chinese])
周本智,吴良如,邹跃国.1999.闽南麻竹人工林地上部分现存生物量的研究.林业科学研究,12(1):47-52.
(Zhou B Z,Wu L R,Zou Y G.1999.Aboveground biomass of Dendrocalamus latiflorus plantation in south Fujian.Forestry Research,12(1):47-52.[in Chinese])
周本智,傅懋毅,杨校生,等.2006.我国能源竹类植物资源及其开发潜力.世界林业研究,19(6):49-52.
(Zhou B Z,Fu M Y,Yang J S, et al. 2006.Energy-oriented bamboo species resource and potential for exploitation.World Forestry Research,19(6):49-52.[in Chinese])
竹类综合利用课题组.1991.竹秆和竹叶的微量元素研究.竹子研究汇刊,10(1):57-63.
(The Study Group on Comprehensive Utilizing of Bamboo.1991.A study on the trace elements in culms and leaves of bamboo.Journal of Bamboo Research,10(1):57-63.[in Chinese])
左舒翟,任引,王效科,等.2014.中国杉木林生物量估算参数及其影响因素.林业科学,50(11):1-12.
(Zuo S Z,Ren Y,Wang X K, et al. 2014.Biomass estimation factors and their determinants of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests in China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):1-12.[in Chinese])
Arthur M A,Hamburg S P,Siccama T G.2001.Validating allometric estimates of aboveground living biomass and nutrient contents of a northern hardwood forest.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,31(1):11-17.
Jordan C F.1971.Productivity of a tropical forest and its relation to a world pattern of energy storage.Journal of Ecology,59(1):127-142.
Long F L.1934.Application of calorimetric methods to ecological research.Plant Physiology,9(2):323-327.

[1]	薛春泉, 徐期瑚, 林丽平, 何潇, 曹磊, 李海奎. 基于异速生长和理论生长方程的广东省木荷生物量动态预测[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(7): 86-94.
[2]	丁令智, 满秀玲, 肖瑞晗, 蔡体久. 寒温带森林根际土壤微生物量碳氮含量生长季内动态变化[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(7): 178-186.
[3]	常建国. 油松树干横截面面积年增长量的垂直分布及与材积年增长量和叶量的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(6): 55-64.
[4]	李亚藏, 冯仲科. 气候敏感的马尾松生物量相容性方程系统研建[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(5): 65-73.
[5]	王怡霖, 王卫锋, 张芸香, 常淑君, 郭晋平. 碧玉杨叶形态结构与生理特性对干旱的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 42-50.
[6]	曾伟生, 贺东北, 蒲莹, 肖前辉. 含地域和起源因子的马尾松立木生物量与材积方程系统[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 75-86.
[7]	薛春泉, 徐期瑚, 林丽平, 何潇, 罗勇, 赵菡, 曹磊, 雷渊才. 广东主要乡土阔叶树种含年龄和胸径的单木生物量模型[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 97-108.
[8]	王波, 李琴, 朱炜, 陈文海, 祝虹梁, 沈泉, 朱安明, 赵建诚. 毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(1): 110-118.
[9]	种培芳, 詹瑾, 贾向阳, 李毅. 模拟CO₂浓度升高及降雨变化对荒漠灌木红砂光合及生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(9): 27-37.
[10]	韩宗涛, 江洪, 王威, 李增元, 陈尔学, 闫敏, 田昕. 基于多源遥感的森林地上生物量KNN-FIFS估测[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(9): 70-79.
[11]	李伟成, 盛海燕, 蒋跃平, 温星. 基塘系统不同竹林土壤CO₂通量特征及其影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(8): 13-22.
[12]	赵嘉诚, 李海奎. 杉木单木和林分水平地下生物量模型的构建[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(2): 81-89.
[13]	文书生, 何绒绒, 郑佳康, 田如男. 牡丹组织培养技术研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(10): 143-155.
[14]	赵菡, 雷渊才, 符利勇. 江西省不同立地等级的马尾松林生物量估计和不确定性度量[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(8): 81-93.
[15]	席本野, 王烨, 贾黎明. 滴灌施肥下施氮量和施氮频率对毛白杨生物量及氮吸收的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(5): 63-73.