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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 21-27.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150503

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于层次分析法的朗乡自然保护区露营旅游环境适宜度

袁维1,2, 张杰1, 周波3, 王爱红4, 于雷2, 马珂馨2   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院 哈尔滨 150040;
    2. 东北农业大学园艺学院 哈尔滨 150030;
    3. 北京市海淀区园林绿化局 北京 100089;
    4. 中国园林博物馆 北京 100072
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-12 修回日期:2015-04-08 出版日期:2015-05-25 发布日期:2015-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 张杰

Environmental Suitability for Camping Tourism in Langxiang Nature Reserve Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Yuan Wei1,2, Zhang Jie1, Zhou Bo3, Wang Aihong4, Yu Lei2, Ma Kexin2   

  1. 1. College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040;
    2. College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030;
    3. Beijing Haidian Gardens Bureau Beijing 100089;
    4. Museum of Chinese Gardens and Landscape Architecture Beijing 100072
  • Received:2014-12-12 Revised:2015-04-08 Online:2015-05-25 Published:2015-06-11

摘要:

【目的】 对朗乡自然保护区露营旅游环境适宜度进行综合评价,旨在全面、准确地掌握自然保护区开发露营旅游的资源潜力,为自然保护区生态旅游项目的合理布局、建设规模及资源保护提供科学依据。【方法】 构建朗乡省级自然保护区的露营旅游资源条件、交通条件和社会环境条件为项目层的评价指标体系,AHP 法和特尔菲法相结合确定指标权重,依据国家和行业标准,确定指标评分标准,建立露营旅游环境适宜度的综合计算模型,划分自然保护区露营旅游环境适宜度等级标准,对朗乡省级自然保护区露营旅游环境适宜度进行综合评价。【结果】 项目层中,露营旅游资源条件指标权重值最高(0.456 7),社会环境条件指标权重值最低(0.223 7); 经过综合评分,朗乡自然保护区露营旅游环境适宜度总得分为76.722 4分,处于露营旅游环境适宜度的四级,说明该自然保护区露营旅游的适宜度处于较高水平; 评价因子中,露营旅游资源条件和交通条件得分较高,分别为36.613 7和26.910 4分,社会环境条件得分较低,为13.1983分; 露营旅游资源条件在权重和评分值上均是优势指标,交通条件的指标较好,社会环境条件指标较差。【结论】 指标数据结果显示,朗乡自然保护区拥有丰富的自然资源和旅游资源,交通便利,水环境条件优越,保护区的露营旅游项目具有很大的发展潜力,同时也存在经济落后、缺乏完善的监管体系、管理经费不足等劣势; 保护区露营旅游项目的开展应遵循"量力而为,适度开发"的原则,加大引资力度,为维护保护区可持续性发展提供一定的资金保障; 通过建立数学模型,基于层次分析法,可以实现自然保护区生态旅游环境条件定性与定量评估,这种生态旅游用地条件前期评估方式具有较强的可操作性和推广价值。

关键词: 自然保护区, 露营旅游环境, 层次分析法(AHP), 特尔菲法, 适宜度

Abstract:

【Objective】A comprehensive evaluation on environmental suitability for camping tourism in nature reserve was conducted to fully and accurately understand the potential of resources for developing camping tourism, in order to provide scientific basis for decision making on deployment, construction scale and resource protection of ecotourism projects in nature reserve. 【Method】An evaluation index system was constructed with resource conditions for camping tourism, traffic conditions and social environment conditions of Langxiang Provincal Nature Reserve as project analytic hierarchies. The weights for index components were determined based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method. The index components were scored based on corresponding national standards (GB) and industry standards. A comprehensive mathematical model was constructed for environmental suitability of camping tourism. Criteria for grading environmental suitability of camping tourism in nature reserve was developed and used to evaluate the environmental suitability of camping tourism in Langxiang Provincial Nature Reserve.【Result】In the project hierarchies, the camping tourism resource conditions (B1) obtained the highest weight value of 0.456 7, while the social environment conditions (B3) had the lowest weight value of 0.223 7; Through the comprehensive evaluation, the total score of environmental suitability of camping tourism in Langxiang Provincial Nature Reserve was 76.722 4, falling into grade IV. This result indicated that the suitability of camping tourism in this Nature Reserve was at a high level. Among the evaluation factors, camping tourism resource conditions (B1) and traffic conditions (B2) were given high scores, 36.613 7 and 26.910 4 respectively. Social environment conditions (B3) was given a lower score (13.198 3). The camping tourism resource conditions (B1) was the best in both weight and score, followed by the traffic conditions (B2), and the social environment conditions (B3) was the worst one. 【Conclusion】The results indicated that the camping tourism project in Langxiang Provincial Nature Reserve possesses great potential for development, due to the advantages such as abundant natural and tourism resources, convenient traffic condition as well as superior water environment. Meanwhile, there were also disadvantages such as economic backwardness, lack of efficient supervision system and deficiency of management budget. The development of camping tourism project in natural reserve should follow the principle of "acting according to ability and appropriate exploitation", and take stronger measures to attract investments to provide financial security for maintaining the sustainable development of nature reserves. The qualitative and quantitative assessment of ecotourism environment conditions in nature reserves can be realized through mathematical model construction and analytic hierarchy process. This pre-evaluation method of ecotourism environment conditions is workable and worth of wider applications.

Key words: nature reserve, camping tourism environment, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), delphi method, suitability

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