关键词: 自然保护区, 生态值, 空间特征, 最优解, 戴云山

Abstract: [Objective] Planning and design is an important issue in nature reserve studies. It is a new trend that takes mathematical models as a tool to study the reserve design. Traditional mathematical models, such as the set covering species problem (SCSP) and the maximal covering species problem (MCSP), only consider to plan and design the reserve at the lowest cost. They do not consider spatial characteristics of the reserve, leading to over fragmentation of the selected areas for nature reserve. In addition, these methods only consider the price of land which cannot fully reflect the ecological value of the protected areas. This study uses the ecological value as indicators and associated with the spatial characteristics of continuity and compactness to construct an effective and reasonable model for nature reserve design. The proposed model was aimed to establish the nature reserve and provided a scientific basis for nature reserve establishment.[Method] Taking Daiyun Mountain national nature reserve of Fujian Province as an example, we divided the reserve into 567 regular blocks. The area of each block was 2 km×2 km and each had several sub-compartments. Firstly, according to the scoring standards for ecological values and the weighting algorithm, the ecological value of sub-compartments and its associated blocks was calculated successively. Secondly, based on the special spatial characteristics and ecological values, the space-ecology set covering problem (SSCP) based on the tail length algorithm was constructed, and the effects of various combinations between the compactness with different weights and the percentage of protected species on overall performance of protected areas were discussed. Finally, the traditional SCSP model, the system protection planning tool Marxan model and the Zoning model were used as the control group to verify the validity of the SSCP model.[Results] From the perspective of spatial distribution, the design results of the protected area solved by SCSP model, Marxan model and Zonation model were as follows:the distribution of the blocks was discrete and the degree of fragmentation was high. In contrast, the design of the SSCP model showed better continuity and compactness than previous methods. The number of selected blocks of the SSCP model was positively correlated with the proportion of species protection and the weight of compactness, indicating an increase of the proportion of species protection or an increase of the weight of density, would come up with an increase of the number of selected blocks.[Conclusion] The mathematical programming model for new type of protected area, i.e. the SSCP model, was studied. The rationality of the algorithm was verified by a case study of the Daiyunshan Nature Reserve. Following proposal was provided:The Daiyunshan Nature Reserve should be extended towards northwest and southeast, with an extension of 6 km towards the northwest and an horizontal extension of 18 km; an extension of 9 km towards the southeast and a horizontal extension of 8 km. The proposed method presents a new idea for the theory and practice of planning and design of protected areas in China.

Key words: nature reserve, ecological value, spatial characteristics, optimal solution, Daiyun Mountain