铜鼓岭热带常绿季雨矮林5种蒲桃属植物的种群结构及空间格局

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析海南岛文昌市铜鼓岭自然保护区5种蒲桃属植物的种群结构、分布格局及种间关联性,以期了解该地区蒲桃属植物种群的现状、分布状况及发展动态,为该属植物的保护工作提供依据。【方法】在热带常绿季雨矮林建立2.56 hm²固定样地,采用种群结构和空间格局常用的种群径级结构分析、种群静态生命表和绘制种群存活曲线研究方法,结合点格局分析中的Ripley's K函数和SPSS软件,对5种蒲桃属植物种群的空间格局、种间关联性以及种群聚集规模与种群优势度的关系进行研究。【结果】种群死亡率随龄级的增加而增大,生命期望值e_x与此趋势相反,但方枝蒲桃、赤楠和肖蒲桃3个种群中的e_x值会出现明显的小波动,说明这3个种群内部经历了密度调节过程,使种群密度达到适合个体生长的最佳状态; 方枝蒲桃种群具有最多的个体数目(1 950株),并集中于幼苗和幼树,表明该种群更新良好,存活曲线随着龄级增大逐渐趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,说明种群将长期保持稳定的种群死亡率并更新繁衍下去; 其他4个种群的总个体数相差不大(假赤楠374株、赤楠390株、子凌蒲桃393株、肖蒲桃282株),尽管它们的存活曲线最终都趋于Deevey-Ⅰ型,但存在差异,假赤楠的幼苗、幼树数量较少(共82株),虽然其更新木一般都可以生长到生理寿命(Deevey-Ⅰ型),但过少的数量也可能会影响种群的正常繁衍,其他3个种群都具有一定规模的幼苗和幼树,种群更新能力上虽不及方枝蒲桃,但在群落中也具有相当大的生存潜力; 总体上,5个种群的空间分布都符合种群普遍格局分布规律,即由小尺度的聚集分布到大尺度上的随机乃至于均匀分布,但假赤楠、子凌蒲桃和肖蒲桃在某些尺度范围内出现了规则分布,说明在这些尺度上可能存在其他种群带来的竞争压力; 5个种群的聚集规模和聚集范围都随着种群优势度的降低而减小,其中,种群的聚集规模与优势度呈显著线性相关,二者的回归方程为y=58.531x-132.33(R²=0.958,P =0.004 < 0.01),肖蒲桃与假赤楠和赤楠在一些尺度上负相关,其他4个种群在任何尺度上均可以共存。【结论】生长在热带常绿季雨矮林中的蒲桃属植物发育良好,都具有一定的更新能力,但假赤楠种群不仅更新幼苗较少,而且在较大尺度上还存在其他种群(如肖蒲桃)对其的竞争压力,所以在天然次生林各种群的科学管控过程中应加以适当侧重保护。

关键词: 铜鼓岭自然保护区, 热带常绿季雨矮林, 蒲桃属, 种群结构, 空间分布格局, 种间关联

Abstract:

【Objective】The study was intended to understand population structure and spatial patterns of 5 species of Syzygium in tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest of Tongguling Natural Reserve, Hainan Wenchang.【Method】A 2.56 hm² permanent sample plot was established in tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest. Common methods for population structure and spatial patterns were used: analysis of population structure of diameter-class, static life table, survival curve, function Ripley's K that was part of spatial point pattern analysis and SPSS software were applied in the study. Spatial pattern, inter-specific association, and relationships of aggregation scale and dominance of five typical Syzygium plant species were studied by using function Ripley's K and software SPSS. 【Result】Mortality of population increased along with the increase of age-class, but the life expectancy was opposite to this trend.. Evident fluctuations of the value of life expectancy were found among three species Syzygium tephrodes, S. buxifolium and S. acuminatissimum, this phenomenon indicated that density regulation process might have existed in the three species, so that density of populations could achieve the best growing condition for individual trees. The largest number of trees were found in S. tephrodes (1 950 trees), and most of them were seedlings and young trees, indicating good regeneration of the population. Survival curve tended to gradually close to the model Deevey II with increase of the age-class, indicating a stable mortality was maintained and regeneration allowing the population continue to survive. The total number of individual trees did not significantly differ among the other 4 species (374 trees of S. buxifolioideum, 390 trees of S. buxifolium, 393 trees of S. championii, and 282 trees of S. acuminatissimum). Although their survival curve tended to close to the model Deevey I, there were yet some differences among these species. For example, there were fewer seedlings and young trees (82 trees) in the population of S. buxifolioideum. Although the regenerated seedlings can grow up and survive for the physiological life span (Model Deevey II), too few trees may influence normal reproduction of the population. The other 3 species had certain quantity of seedlings and young trees, although their regeneration ability was inferior to S. tephrodes, they still had a great potential for survival in the community. Generally, the spatial distribution of the 5 species followed a normal pattern, clustering in small scale and random to uniform distribution in larger scale. But regular distribution appeared on certain scope of scales in population of S. buxifolioideum, S. championii, and S. acuminatissimum, indicating competition from other populations on these scales. The aggregation scale and scope of the 5 species decreased with the decline of their dominance. Thereinto, there was a significant linear correlation between aggregation scale and dominance of population. The regression equation was y = 58.531x－132.33 (R²= 0.958,P = 0.004 < 0.01). Negative correlation was found between S. acuminatissimum and S. buxifolioideum or S. acuminatissimum and S. buxifolium, in addition, other 4 populations could coexist on any scale. 【Conclusion】Syzygium plants was growing well in tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest. They all have a certain ability of regeneration. Significantly, there were fewer seedlings in the population of S. buxifolioideum than other species, and pressure of competition from the other populations (S. acuminatissimum) appeared on a larger scale. Therefore, a greater attention is needed in management of secondary natural forest.

Key words: Tongguling National Nature Reserve, tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest, Syzygium, population structure, spatial distribution pattern, interspecies association

中图分类号:

S718.54

龙成, 杨小波, 龙文兴, 李东海. 铜鼓岭热带常绿季雨矮林5种蒲桃属植物的种群结构及空间格局[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(2): 18-27.

Long Cheng, Yang Xiaobo, Long Wenxing, Li Donghai. Population Structure and Spatial Patterns of Five Syzygium Species in Tropical Evergreen Monsoon Elfin Forest, Tongguling[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(2): 18-27.

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