枫杨幼苗对氟离子的吸收积累规律及毒性效应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨枫杨幼苗对氟污染的修复潜力。【方法】以枫杨当年实生幼苗为研究对象,采用溶液培养的方法,研究不同浓度、不同pH氟离子胁迫下枫杨幼苗的根、茎、叶的氟含量、转移系数(Tf)、生物富集系数(BCF)的变化以及对枫杨幼苗的植物毒性效应。【结果】 1)随着溶液氟离子浓度的升高,枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶的氟积累量逐渐升高,当溶液氟离子浓度为10 mmol ·L^-1时,枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶的氟积累量最高分别为1 604.60,59.41,40.80 mg ·kg^-1。 2)枫杨幼苗体内氟含量的分布存在2种情况: 当培养液氟离子浓度为0.5~5 mmol ·L^-1时表现为根 > 叶 > 茎,在氟离子浓度为10 mmol ·L^-1时表现为根 > 茎 > 叶,转移系数(Tf)介于 0.029~0.125之间,可能是过高的氟离子浓度使枫杨幼苗产生了严重的生理胁迫,影响了氟离子从茎向叶的运转。 3)随着处理时间的增加,各处理组枫杨幼苗的相对标准蒸腾量均呈下降趋势,溶液氟离子浓度为5,10 mmol ·L^-1时,对枫杨幼苗蒸腾量变化的影响显著(P < 0.05),对植物的毒性效应很强。 4)枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶氟积累量在酸性环境中最大,氟转移能力也最强,在中性环境中表现一般;植物在酸性、中性环境中受到的伤害较大,植物生命活力低,而在碱性条件下时,不仅对枫杨幼苗的伤害小,而且除氟效果较好、持续性强。5)为了达到最佳的处理效果,当废水中氟离子浓度≤2.5 mmol ·L^-1时,可以选择在酸性条件下利用枫杨来处理; 当氟离子浓度为2.5~5 mmol ·L^-1时,可选择在碱性条件下处理废水。【结论】枫杨幼苗积累氟的能力很强,氟转移能力独特,具有很高的耐氟性,枫杨适合于水体氟污染严重区域的水体净化和植物修复。

关键词: 枫杨, 幼苗, 氟, 生物积累, 植物毒性

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims at exploring the phytoremediation potential of Pterocarla stenoptera seedlings to fluorion pollution.【Method】 we investigated the influence of culture time, pH value and fluoride concentration in culture medium on absorption, accumulation, enrichment and translocation of fluoride in P. stenoptera seedlings, as well as normalized relative transpiration (NRT) of P. stenoptera seedlings. 【Result】 (1) The accumulation of fluoride in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings exhibited an increasing tendency with increasing concentration of fluoride. The fluoride concentration in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings reached up to 1604.60, 59.41 and 40.80 mg ·kg^-1 respectively when treated with 10 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride. (2) Fluoride concentration was highest in roots and lowest in leaves when treated with 10 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride, while fluoride concentration was highest in roots and lowest in stems when treated with 0.5-5 mmol ·L^-1 fluoride. The translocation factor (Tf) was between 0.029-0.125. The translocation of fluoride in P. stenoptera was inhibited probably because high concentration fluoride would cause serious phytotoxicity to P. stenoptera, (3) The NRT of P. stenoptera seedlings exhibited a decreasing tendency along with culture time. The change of transpiration in P. stenoptera seedlings showed significant difference(P < 0.05)when treated with fluoride 5 and 10 mmol ·L^-1. (4) The capacities of translocation and accumulation of fluoride in stems, leaves and roots of P. stenoptera seedlings were highest in acidic solution. The damage to the P. stenoptera seedlings in acidic solution was more serious than that in alkaline solution. The fluoride had little damage to P. stenoptera seedlings in alkaline solution. P. stenoptera seedlings had good and sustained effect for removal of fluoride in this alkaline condition. (5) In order to achieve the best treatment effect, we can deal with the polluted water with P. stenoptera seedlings in the acidic conditions when the fluoride content is less than 2.5 mmol ·L^-1; and treated the polluted water with P. stenoptera under alkaline conditions when the fluoride content is between 2.5 and 5 mmol ·L^-1. 【Conclusion】The study showed that P. stenoptera had wide potential application in cleaning water and soil in those fluoride contaminated areas.

Key words: Pterocarla stenoptera, seedlings, fluorion, bioaccumulation, phytotoxicity

中图分类号:

S719

曲木子, 谢会成, 李传荣, 王利. 枫杨幼苗对氟离子的吸收积累规律及毒性效应[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(4): 156-163.

Qu Muzi, Xie Huicheng, Li Chuanrong, Wang Li. Uptake, Accumulation, and Phytotoxicity of fluorion in Pterocarya stenoptera Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(4): 156-163.

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