黄栌幼苗叶片气体交换对干旱胁迫的短期响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]本研究探讨不同产地黄栌苗木叶片气体交换特性对土壤水分胁迫的短期响应特点及规律.[方法]采用田间模拟试验,选取北京西山、山东泰山和山西绛县3个产地的1年生黄栌幼苗为供试材料,设置对照 (CK, 土壤田间持水量的75%~80%)、中度胁迫 (MS, 土壤田间持水量的55%~65%)和重度胁迫 (SS, 土壤田间持水量的35%~45%)3个水分梯度,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统和SPSS 20.0统计分析软件测定和拟合幼苗成熟叶片的光响应曲线(P_n-PAR)及CO₂响应曲线(P_n-C_i),根据非线性最小二乘法的Levenberg-Marquardt迭代原理计算各光合参数.[结果]1) 黄栌幼苗的CO₂同化能力随干旱胁迫程度的加剧及胁迫时间的增加显著 (P < 0.05)下降,主要原因是持续干旱胁迫环境中幼苗叶片CO₂传导及光合电子传递受阻、光能利用率下降.受重度胁迫处理幼苗的CO₂气孔导度 + 叶肉导度(g_sc + g_m)、表观量子产量(AQY)、光饱和点-光补偿点(LSP-LCP)、最大电子传递速率(J_max)和最大电子传递速率/最大羧化速率(J_max/V_c,max)分别比对照低50.5%,12.0%,21.0%,37.9%和16.9%,干旱胁迫环境中幼苗的g_sc,g_m,AQY,LSP-LCP,J_max / V_c,max在胁迫后期比胁迫中期分别低18.7%,81.0%,19.3%,4.6%,5.5%. 2) 水分亏缺可在一定程度上刺激黄栌幼苗提高弱光利用效率及CO₂羧化速率.3) 受中度胁迫处理黄栌苗木的CO₂气孔限制值(l_s)、叶肉扩散限制值(l_m)分别比对照高36.9%和25.3%,而受重度胁迫处理幼苗的l_s,l_m分别比对照高9.7%和103.0%;干旱胁迫环境中黄栌幼苗的平均l_s及平均l_m在胁迫中期分别比对照高17.7%和46.0%,在胁迫后期则分别比对照高47.0%和71.1%,说明气孔限制和叶肉扩散限制分别是适度干旱胁迫和严重干旱胁迫环境中导致幼苗净光合速率下降的主要原因.4) 重度胁迫环境中,山西产地幼苗光饱和时的最大净光合速率(P_n,max)、CO₂饱和时的最大净光合速率(A_max)、Rubisco活性和数量限制的最大净光合速率(A_c,max)、RuBP再生限制的最大净光合速率(A_j,max)、V_c,max、磷酸丙糖利用速率(V_TPU)的降幅(相对胁迫处理前)分别比北京产地和山东产地的幼苗高38.0%和50.3%、40.7%和46.3%、45.7%和51.2%、52.4%和54.2%、47.3%和55.8%、55.5%和82.6%,而山西产地受持续干旱胁迫处理幼苗的LCP和暗呼吸速率(R_d)分别比北京产地和山东产地的幼苗低31.2%和47.5%、27.2%和9.2%.[结论]北京西山、山东泰山和山西绛县3个产地黄栌幼苗对持续干旱胁迫环境反应的敏感性具有显著差异.总体而言,重度胁迫环境中山东泰山幼苗叶片的碳同化能力显著高于北京产地和山西产地,而北京产地幼苗叶片的碳同化能力显著高于山西产地.持续干旱胁迫环境中山西产地幼苗的CO₂扩散阻力及光合电子传递阻力显著高于其他两产地,而该产地的 LCP及R_d均高于其他两产地,因此,山西产地黄栌幼苗光合参数对水分亏缺的反应较北京产地和山东产地剧烈,但该产地幼苗通过降低光补偿点及暗呼吸代谢水平以保证光合同化产物积累的能力相对较强.

关键词: 黄栌幼苗, 干旱胁迫, 叶片气体交换, 叶肉扩散限制, 气孔限制

Abstract:

[Objective]This research was carried out to investigate the short-term responses and regular patterns of leaf gas exchange characteristics of Cotinus coggygria seedlings, collected from different locations, to soil water stress.[Method]A field experiment was set and the one-year-old C. coggygria seedlings were collected from three locations: Xishan Mountains in Beijing, Taishan Mountains in Shandong Province and Jiangxian County in Shanxi Province. The seedlings were subjected to three water regimes, including control (CK, 75%-80% of field water capacity), moderate stress (MS, 55%-65% of field water capacity) and severe stress (SS, 35%-45% of field water capacity). A LI-6400 portable photosynthesis measurement system was used to determine the light response curves (P_n-PAR) and CO₂ response curves (P_n-C_i) of the mature leaves, and the statistical analysis software SPSS 20.0 was applied to fit the curves. Each photosynthetic parameter was calculated according to Levenberg-Marquardt iterative principle of nonlinear least square method.[Result]1) The CO₂ assimilation ability of C. coggygria seedlings decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as drought stress degree increased and drought stress time prolonged. The decrease was mainly ascribed to block of CO₂diffusion and photosynthetic electron transport and decline of light energy utilization efficiency when water deficit occurred. The stomatal conductance to CO₂ + mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO₂(g_sc+ g_m), apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point-light compensation point (LSP-LCP), maximum electron transport rate (J_max) and maximum electron transport rate / maximum carboxylation rate (J_max / V_c,max) of C. coggygria seedlings treated with severe stress were lower than those in control by 50.5%, 12.0%, 21.0%, 37.9% and 16.9%, respectively. The g_sc, g_m, AQY, LSP-LCfP and J_max / V_c,max of C. coggygria seedlings during late stage of drought stress were lower than those during mid-stage of drought stress by 18.7%, 81.0%, 19.3%, 4.6% and 5.5%, respectively. 2) Water deficit promoted the low light use efficiency and carboxylation rate of C. coggygria seedlings to a certain extent. 3) The limitation on photosynthesis due to stomatal conductance to CO₂ (l_s) and due to mesophyll diffusion conductance (l_m) treated with moderate and severe drought stress were higher than that in control by 36.9% and 25.3%, 9.7% and 103.0%, respectively. Thus, stomatal limitation and mesophyll diffusion limitation were the main reasons for net photosynthetic rate decline under moderate drought stress and severe drought stress environment, respectively. Additionally, the average drought-treated l_s and l_m treated were higher than those in control by 17.7% and 46.0%, and those during late stage of drought stress were higher than those during mid-stage of drought stress by 47.0% and 71.1%, respectively. 4) Compared with those seedlings before drought stress treatment, the light-saturated maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_n_,max), CO₂-saturated maximum photosynthetic capacity (A_max), maximum net photosynthetic rate limited by Rubisco activity and amount (A_c,max), maximum net photosynthetic rate limited by RuBP regeneration (A_j,max), V_c,max, triose phosphates utilization rate (V_TPU) of seedlings under SS treatment were all declined, and those declines of seedlings from Shanxi were greater than those of seedlings from Beijing and Shandong by 38.0% and 50.3%, 40.7% and 46.3%, 45.7% and 51.2%, 52.4% and 54.2%, 47.3% and 55.8%, 55.5% and 82.6%, respectively. However, the LCP and dark respiration rate (R_d) of seedlings from Shanxi Province under continuous drought stress were lower than seedlings from Beijing and Shandong Province by 31.2% and 47.5%, 27.2% and 9.2%, respectively. [Conclusion]There were significant differences in the sensitivity to continuous drought stress among the C. coggygria seedlings from the three locations of Xishan Mountains in Beijing, Taishan Mountains in Shandong Province and Jiangxian County in Shanxi Province. The leaf carbon assimilation ability of seedlings from Shandong under severe drought stress was remarkably stronger than that from Beijing and Shanxi, and the ability of seedlings from Beijing was significantly stronger than seedlings from Shanxi. The diffusive resistance to CO₂ and photosynthetic electron transport resistance of seedlings from Shanxi were significantly greater than seedlings from the other two locations, while the LCP and R_d were the smaller than the other two locations. Consequently, the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of C. coggygria seedlings from Jiangxian County in Shanxi changed more violently than those from Xishan Mountains in Beijing and Taishan Mountains in Shandong in response to arid environment, however, the seedlings from Shanxi were more capable of lowering the light compensation point and the level of dark respiration metabolism to ensure accumulation of photosynthetic assimilation products than those from the other two locations.

Key words: Cotinus coggygria seedlings, drought stress, leaf gas exchange, mesophyll diffusion limitation, stomatal limitation

中图分类号:

S718.43

李金航, 齐秀慧, 徐程扬, 王畅, 刘海轩, 孙鹏. 黄栌幼苗叶片气体交换对干旱胁迫的短期响应[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(1): 29-41.

Li Jinhang, Qi Xiuhui, Xu Chengyang, Wang Chang, Liu Haixuan, Sun Peng. Short-Term Responses of Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics to Drought Stress of Cotinus coggygria Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(1): 29-41.

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