生长调节剂对低温胁迫下酸橙幼苗抗逆生理指标的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170308

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 分析不同浓度BRs、BT和SA对低温胁迫下酸橙幼苗抗逆生理指标的影响，寻找缓解酸橙幼苗低温伤害的可行方法，为酸橙的推广种植提供技术参考。[方法] 以盆栽酸橙幼苗为材料，叶面分别喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯（BRs）、甜菜碱（BT）和水杨酸（SA）溶液后，置于4℃/0℃（昼/夜）、光照600 μmol·m^-2s^-1的人工气候箱内，进行低温胁迫处理。以常温（温度25℃/23℃（昼/夜），光照600 μmol·m^-2s^-1）下喷施蒸馏水为CK₁，以低温胁迫（4℃/0℃（昼/夜），光照600 μmol·m^-2s^-1）下喷施蒸馏水为CK₂。低温胁迫处理3天后，测定酸橙幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量，以及SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性。[结果] 与CK₁相比，低温显著抑制CK₂酸橙幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性，加重低温对细胞膜的伤害，致使细胞膜结构被破坏，不能正常行使其功能，进而引起酸橙幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著上升。低温处理也会导致叶绿体结构被破坏，引起光合色素的分解，致使叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著下降，不能正常进行光合作用。与CK₂相比，叶面喷施生长调节剂可以显著提高酸橙幼苗叶片脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量，减轻酸橙幼苗叶片因低温而导致的细胞失水；提高SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性，有效清除细胞内过多的活性氧，避免膜脂过氧化的发生，显著降低叶片丙二醛含量和相对电导率，使细胞膜系统代谢正常，减轻低温胁迫对酸橙幼苗叶片造成的伤害。同时，叶面喷施生长调节剂显著提高叶片叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量，减弱低温对光合作用的抑制影响。随着浓度的升高，生长调节剂对酸橙幼苗低温伤害的缓解作用呈现先增强后减弱的趋势，其中以叶面喷施0.15 mg·L^-1BRs、10 mmol·L^-1BT、1 mmol·L^-1SA溶液的效果最为明显。[结论] 叶面喷施浓度为0.15 mg·L^-1BRs、10 mmol·L^-1BT、1 mmol·L^-1SA溶液可明显减轻低温胁迫对酸橙幼苗叶片的伤害。

关键词: 酸橙幼苗, 低温胁迫, 外源物质, 抗逆

Abstract: [Objective] In order to reveal feasibility of different concentrations of BRs, BT and SA on Citrus aurantium under low temperature stress, the effects of BRs, BT and SA on physiological index were studied.[Method] Pot C. aurantium seedlings cultured under the same outdoor conditions were sprayed on the leaves with BRs, BT and SA separately, and then placed in the low incubator [0℃/4℃,(day/night),light intensity of 600 μmol·m^-2s^-1], and the seedlings sprayed with distilled water and set at 25℃ were served as control Ⅰ(CK₁), and the seedlings sprayed with distilled water and set at low temperature stress (0℃/4℃, day/night) were served as control Ⅱ(CK₂). The relative electric conductivity, contents of proline, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and activities of SOD, POD and CAT were measured.[Result] Compared with normal temperature CK₁, low temperature significantly inhibit the antioxidant enzyme activity of CK₂, enhanced the cell membrane damage and brought about loss of the normal functions of cell membrane. Thus, low temperature stress caused some increase in relative electric conductivity and MDA content of C. aurantium seedlings. Low temperature stress treatment also destroyed the structure of the chloroplast, causing the decomposition of photosynthetic pigment and reducing the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid. Compared with CK₂, 0.15 mg·L^-1 BRs, 10 mmol·L^-1 BT, 1 mmol·L^-1 SA enhanced the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT, increased the contents of proline and soluble protein, and effectively reduced the damage of low temperature stress on cell membrane. At the same time, the exogenous BRs, BT and SA increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, the efficiency of leaf photosynthesis and thus effectively resisted the oxidative stress caused by low temperatures. But with the increasing concentration of spraying, the ability of C. aurantium to resist low temperature stress decreased.[Conclusion] The foliage spraying with BRs, BT and SA could reduce the damage of low temperature stress on C. aurantium seedling leaves.

Key words: Citrus aurantium seedlings, low temperature stress, exogenous substances, stress resistance

中图分类号:

S718.43

梁永富, 王康才, 薛启, 隋利, 叶军, 陈兴忠. 生长调节剂对低温胁迫下酸橙幼苗抗逆生理指标的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(3): 68-75.

Liang Yongfu, Wang Kangcai, Xue Qi, Sui Li, Ye Jun, Chen Xingzhong. Effects of Exogenous Growth Substances on Physiological Traits of Cold Tolerance in Citrus aurantium Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(3): 68-75.

参考文献

郭启芳,马千全,孙灿,等.2004.外源甜菜碱提高小麦幼苗抗盐性的研究.西北植物学报, 24(9):1680-1686.
(Guo Q F, Ma Q J, Sun C, et al. 2004.Effects of exogenous glycinebetaine on the salt-tolerance of wheat. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 24(9):1680-1686.[in Chinese])
康国章,欧志英,王正询,等.2003.水杨酸诱导提高香蕉幼苗耐寒性的机制研究.园艺学报, 30(2):141-146.
(Kang G Z, Ou Z Y, Wang Z X, et al. 2003.Salicylic acid alleviated the damage caused by low temperature to cell membrane and some photosynthetic functions of banana seedlings. Acta Horticulture Sinica, 30(2):141-146.[in Chinese])
李合生.2000.植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京:高等教育出版社, 134-263.
(Li H S. 2000.Principles and techniques of biochemical and physiological experiments for plants. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 134-263.[in Chinese])
梁小红,安勐颍,宋峥,等.2015.外源甜菜碱对低温胁迫下结缕草生理特性的影响.草业学报, 24(9):181-188.
(Liang X H, An M Y, Song Z, et al. 2015. Effects of exogenous glycine betaine on the physiological characteristics of Zoysia japonica under low-temperature stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 24(9):181-188.[in Chinese])
刘文英.2015.植物逆境与基因.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 41-76.
(Liu W Y. 2015.Plant stress and gene. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 41-76.[in Chinese])
刘伟,艾希珍,梁文娟,等.2009.低温弱光下水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响.应用生态学报, 20(2):441-445.
(Liu W, Ai X Z, Liang W J, et al. 2009.Effects of salicylic acid on the leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of cucumber seedlings under low temperature and light intensity. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(2):441-445.[in Chinese])
宋金凤,李锋,王亚军,等.2012.低温胁迫下外源有机酸对长白落叶松幼苗生理生化特性的影响.林业科学,48(2):89-95.
(Song J F, Li F, Wang Y J, et al. 2012.Effects of exogenous organic acids on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Larix olgensis seedlings under low temperature stress. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 48(2):89-95.[in Chinese])
曾乃燕,何军贤,赵文,等.2000.低温胁迫期间水稻光合膜色素与蛋白水平的变化.西北植物学报, 20(1):8-14.
(Zeng N Y, He J X, Zhao W, et al. 2000.Changes in components of pigments and proteins in rice photosynthetic membrane during chilling stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 20(1):8-14.[in Chinese])
张波,张怀刚.2005.甜菜碱提高植物抗盐性的作用机理及其遗传工程研究进展.西北植物学报, 25(9):1888-1893.
(Zhang B, Zhang H G. 2005.Mechanism for glycine betaine to improve plant salt resistance and its research advances in genetic engineering. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 25(9):1888-1893.[in Chinese])
郑彩霞.2013.植物生理学.北京:中国林业出版社, 125-160.
(Zheng C X. 2013. Plant physiology. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 125-160.[in Chinese])
郑国华,张贺英,钟秀荣.2009.低温胁迫下枇杷叶片细胞超微结构及膜透性和保护酶活性的变化.中国生态农业学报,17(4):739-745.
(Zheng G H, Zhang H Y, Zhong X R. 2009.Changes in cell ultra-structure, membrane permeability and protective enzyme activity in Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. leaves under cold stress. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 17(4):739-745.[in Chinese])
Alam B, Jacob J. 2002. Overproduction of photosynthetic electrons is associated with chilling injury in green leaves. Photosynthetica, 40(1):91-95.
Alscher R G, Erturk N, Heath L S. 2002. Role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(372):1331-1341.
Bloom A J, Zwieniecki M A, Passioura J B, et al. 2004.Water relations under root chilling in a sensitive and tolerant tomato species. Plant Cell and Environment, 27(8):971-979.
Chen Z, Ricigliano J W, Klessig D F. 1993a. Purification and characterization of a solube salicylic acid binding protein from tobacco. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA, 90(20):9533-9537.
Chen Z, Silva H, Klessig D F. 1993b. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science, 262(5141):1883-1886.
Demmig A B, Adams W W. 1992. Photoprotection and other responses of plant to high light stress. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 43(11):599-607.
Hu W H, Wu Y, Zeng J Z, et al. 2010. Chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis was alleviated by 24-epibrassinolide pretreatment in cucumber during chilling and subsequent recovery. Photosynthetica, 48(4):537-544.
Jung S, Steffen K L, Lee H J. 1998. Comparative photoinhibition of a high and a low altitude ecotype of tomato (Lycopersicon hirsutum) to chilling stress under high and low light condition. Plant Sci,134(1):69-77.
Khripach V, Zhabinskii V, de Groot A. 2000. Twenty years of Brassinosteroids:Steroidal plant hormones warrant better crops for the XXI century. Ann Bot,86(3):441-447.
Kścielniak J, Biesaga-Kścielniak J. 2006. Photosynthesis and non-photochemical excitation quenching components of chlorophyll excitation in maize and field bean during chilling at different photon flux density. Photosynthetica, 44(2):174-180.
Kratsch H A, Wise R R. 2000. The ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 23(4):337-350.
Krishna P. 2003. Brassinoteroid-mediated stress responses. Plant Growth Regul, 22(4):289-297.
Liu W Y, Yu K M, He T F, et al. 2013. The low-temperature induced physiological responses of Avena nuda L.,a cold tolerant plant species. The Scientific World Journal, 2013(6):658-793.
Luo J P, Jiang S T, Pan L J. 2001. Enhanced somatic embryogenesis by salicylic acid of Astragalus adsurgens pall.:relationship with H₂O₂ production and H₂O₂-metabolizing enzyme activities. Plant Sci, 161(1):125-132.
Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci, 7(9):405-410.
Nilsen E T, Orcutt D M. 1996.The Physiology of Plants under Stress. New York,NY,USA:John Wiley & Sons, 70.
Ogweno J O, Song X S, Shi K, et al. 2008. Brassinosteroids alleviate heat-induced inhibition of photosynthesis by increasing carboxylation efficiency and enhancing antioxidant systems in Lycopersicon esculentum. Plant Growth Regul, 27(1):49-57.
Powles S B. 2003. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible light. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 35(1):15-44.
Scandalio J G. 1997. Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. Woodbury,New York:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 545-552.
Shirasu K, Nakajima H, Rajasekhar K. 1997. Salicylic acid potentiates an agonist-dependent gain control that amplifies pathogen signal in the activation of defense mechanisms. Plant Cell, 9(2):261-270.
Tatsumi Y, Murata T. 1981.Relation between chilling sensitity of cucurbitaceae fruit and theme mbranceper meability.Society forHorticultural Science, 50(1):108-113.
Wang C, Ma X L, Hui Z, et al. 2008. Glycine betaine improves thylakoid membrane function of tobacco leaves under low-temperature stress. Photosyntheica, 46(3):400-409.
Weng J H, Jhaung L H, Jiang J Y, et al. 2006.Down-regulation of photosystem 2 efficiency and spectral reflectance in mango leaves under very low irradiance and varied chilling treatments. Photosynthetica,44(2):248-254.
Yu J Q, Zhou Y H, Ye S F, et al. 2002. 2,4-epibrassinolide and abscisic acid protect cucumber seedling form chilling injury. Hort Sci Biotechnol, 77(14):430-473.
Yu J Q, Huang L F, Hu W H, et al. 2004. A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus. Exp Bot, 55(399):1135-1143.

[1]	范伟健, 相伟芳, 王静, 白鹏华, 潘丽娜, 杨艺新, 朱耿平, 李敏. 农药与紫外胁迫对白蛾周氏啮小蜂小分子热激蛋白sHSP12.2基因表达的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 128-136.
[2]	徐凤华, 程龙军, 魏晓玲, 窦锦青. 巨桉低温胁迫响应基因EgrCR的表达与功能[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(3): 59-67.
[3]	王峰, 马玲, 陈俏丽, 王博文, 郝欣, 何芳林, 柳燕. 松材线虫热激转录因子Bx-HSF-1基因的克隆及表达分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(12): 92-98.
[4]	李清雪, 兰岚, 贾志清, 刘涛, 冯莉莉, 何凌仙子, 李虹. 4种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗叶绿素荧光参数对重复低温胁迫的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(10): 31-37.
[5]	相昆, 徐颖, 李国田, 王晓芳, 张美勇. 外源NO对低温胁迫下核桃幼苗活性氧代谢的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(1): 143-149.
[6]	乌凤章, 王贺新, 徐国辉, 张自川. 木本植物低温胁迫生理及分子机制研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(7): 116-128.
[7]	宋金凤;李锋;王亚军;高红松;崔晓阳;彭红梅. 低温胁迫下外源有机酸对长白落叶松幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(2): 89-95.
[8]	杨蕊;关雪莲;张睿鹂;杨文莉;冷平生. 低温胁迫过程中北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca²⁺的动态变化[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(10): 36-40.
[9]	黄志明;吴锦程;陈伟健;蔡丽琴;谢翠萍;林良津;黄世杰;叶美兰. SA对低温胁迫后枇杷幼果AsA-GSH循环酶系统的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9): 36-42.
[10]	王保垒;王博文;陈清清;李百炼;张德强. 杨树抗逆转录因子基因内SSR标记的开发[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(8): 67-74.
[11]	李科友;朱海兰. 植物非生物逆境胁迫DREB/CBF转录因子的研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(1): 124-134.
[12]	吴锦程;陈伟建;蔡丽琴;谢翠萍;黄世杰;林良津;叶美兰. 外源NO对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(9): 73-78.
[13]	吴锦程梁杰陈建琴戴巧斌曹连黄许鑫许金榜官玲. GSH对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果叶绿体AsA-GSH循环代谢的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2009, 12(11): 15-19.
[14]	郑淮兵董丽郑彩霞. 低温和PEG“渗控”预处理促进石楠种子萌发的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2005, 41(3): 54-57.
[15]	丁珌黄金水方柏州吴寿德柳其文. 红树林丽绿刺蛾的抗逆性研究[J]. 林业科学, 2003, 39(zk): 198-202.