关键词: 植物多样性, 生活型谱, 人类活动, 阔叶红松林, 自然保护区

Abstract:

We analyzed the effects of the human being activities on this regions forest based on comparing the biodiversity status of the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in 1963 and 2006. We also evaluated the longterm protection effect since establishment of the national nature reserve. Species richness Margalef index, diversity Simposon index and life form spectrum were adopted to analyze the 43year change of plant species composition and plant species diversity in broadleaved and Korean Pine mixed forests on the northfacing slope. The investigations executed in 1963 and 2006 were conducted at the same altitude interval (800～1 000 m). Though the lumber prohibition has been put into practice since establishing the Nature Reserve, we found no significant differences in dominant species composition, Margalef index and Simposon index in the tree layer between the two years. However, human activities under the tree layer were not well controlled. 1) Pineseed collection and trade seriously lessened the Korean Pines seed resources, which would increase the regeneration difficulty of this species. 2) Collecting herbal medicine and gathering the pine seeds disturbed the understory plants growth. The plant species diversity of the herb layer decreased significantly due to the human activities. The proportions of the species number and relative number of chamaephytes and hemicryptophyte species both declined. To prevent the decreasing trend of the plant diversity and to utilize the biological resource sustainably, nature reserve management and programming should be strengthened.

Key words: plant species diversity, life form spectrum, human activities, broadleaved Korean Pine forests, nature preserve