关键词: 落叶松-人参复合系统, 落叶松人工林, 天然次生林, 植物多样性, 碳储量, 辽东地区

Abstract: [Objective] Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system has significant economic benefits, and is one of the typical management models in the eastern part of Liaoning Province. However, there was no study on the influence of this model on forest ecosystem services. The paper compares the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system with Larix spp. plantation and natural secondary forest, and aims to illuminate the influence of this model on plant diversity and carbon stock which are significant to the global. [Method] Through field investigation, sampling, experimental and statistical analysis, a comparative analysis was carried out on trees and herbaceous plant diversity, and carbon stock of trees, understory, litter and dead woody debris (DWD), and 0-30 cm soil layer for the three stand types whose stand characteristics are similar. [Result] In the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system, ginseng has an obvious advantage whose importance value was 0.33. For tree species, the Margalef index(R), the Shannon index(H')and Pielou's equitability index(E) decreased in the order of NS, LG, and LP. For herbaceous species, H', E, and R decreased in the order of NS, LP, and LG. In addition, the S, H' and R in the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system were respectively 16, 1.91, and 1.83, which all lower than the Larix spp. plantation whose S, H', and R were respectively 17, 2.1, and 2.04, and the difference was not significant. However, the E was significantly lower than the Larix spp. plantation. For carbon stock, the 32 years old Larix spp. plantation was 192.81 t·hm^-2, which was slightly higher than that of the natural secondary forest, and they were both significantly higher than Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry which was 155.56 t·hm^-2. In addition, the carbon stock of trees and soil accounted for more than 90% of the total carbon stock. For the carbon stock in the different layers, from high to low were separately soil, arbor, litter and DWD, understory; for different stand types, soil carbon stock all decreased along the depth within 0-30 cm, furthermore, the soil carbon stock of the natural secondary forest was 109.41 t·hm^-2, which was slightly higher than that of Larix spp. plantation, whose soil carbon stock was 102.92 t·hm^-2, and both of them were significantly higher than the soil carbon stock of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry. [Conclusion] Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system has no obvious influence on arbor diversity, but it has an obvious influence on herbaceous diversity. And it leads to a significant decrease of carbon stock compared to the other two stand types. Therefore, we should pay attention to the in-depth study, scientific development, rational planning, correct guidance and the combination of economic and ecological benefits of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry in the future. Only in this way, can we ensure the sustainable utilization of forest resources and the sustainable development of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system.

Key words: Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system, Larix spp. plantation, natural secondary forest, plant diversity, carbon stock, eastern Liaoning Province