2025年中国林木遗传育种研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260109

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1-14.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260109

• 特邀综述 •

2025年中国林木遗传育种研究进展

王军辉^1,*(),丁昌俊¹,王君²,李伟³,薛良交⁴,罗克明⁵,钮世辉²,陈金慧⁴,张伟溪¹,吴蔼民⁶,张苗苗¹,赵曦阳⁷,殷恒福⁸

1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所　北京 100091
2. 北京林业大学　北京 100083
3. 东北林业大学　哈尔滨 150040
4. 南京林业大学　南京 210037
5. 西南大学　重庆 400716
6. 华南农业大学　广州 510642
7. 吉林长白山森工集团有限公司　延吉 133000
8. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所　杭州 311400

收稿日期:2026-02-16 修回日期:2026-03-28 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-13
通讯作者: 王军辉 E-mail:wangjh@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFD2200301）。

Advances in Genetic Breeding Research of Chinese Forest Trees in 2025

Junhui Wang^1,*(),Changjun Ding¹,Jun Wang²,Wei Li³,Liangjiao Xue⁴,Keming Luo⁵,Shihui Niu²,Jinhui Chen⁴,Weixi Zhang¹,Aimin Wu⁶,Miaomiao Zhang¹,Xiyang Zhao⁷,Hengfu Yin⁸

1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091
2. Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
3. Northeast Forestry University　Harbin 150040
4. Nanjing Forestry University　Nanjing 210037
5. Southwest University　Chongqing 400716
6. South China Agricultural University　Guangzhou 510642
7. Jilin Changbaishan Forest Industry Group Co., Ltd.　Yanji 133000
8. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,　Chinese Academy of Forestry　Hangzhou 311400

Received:2026-02-16 Revised:2026-03-28 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-13
Contact: Junhui Wang E-mail:wangjh@caf.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足新时代林业高质量发展的战略需求，更好服务于生态修复、木材安全与增汇减排等多重目标，林木遗传育种作为种质创新、良种培育与产业应用的核心环节，迎来关键发展机遇。近年来，我国林木遗传育种研究聚焦基因组学、精准基因编辑、分子设计育种等前沿领域，关键技术持续突破，多技术融合与全链条创新格局加速形成，显著提升了育种精准性和效率，为林业现代化提供了核心科技支撑。2025年，我国在林木基因组学、重要性状调控机制、分子育种技术及良种繁育等方面取得系列重要进展。本文系统综述该年度中国在林木基因组组装与跨物种解析、林木重要性状形成基础与调控机制、基因编辑与全基因组选择、种质资源创新与高效繁育等方面的标志性成果。这些研究不仅深化了对林木遗传规律的认识，也为实现精准设计育种奠定了理论与技术基础。最后，展望未来林木遗传育种研究在数据驱动、智能设计、技术集成与体系构建等方面的发展方向。

关键词: 林木遗传育种, 基因组学, 性状调控, 杂交育种, 基因编辑, 全基因组选择, 良种繁育

Abstract:

To meet the strategic demands of high-quality forestry development and to support ecological restoration, timber supply, and carbon sequestration, forest tree genetics and breeding plays a central role in linking germplasm innovation, elite variety cultivation, and industrial application. In recent years, research on forest genetic breeding in China has increasingly focused on frontier fields such as genomics, precision gene editing, and molecular design breeding. Key technologies have continued to break through, and the integration of complementary approaches and the formation of a full chain innovation pattern have accelerated, significantly improving breeding accuracy and efficiency and providing core technological support for forestry modernization. In 2025, a series of significant progress in China has been made in forest tree genomics, regulatory mechanisms of major traits, molecular breeding technologies, and elite variety propagation. This review systematically summarizes major research achievements of China in 2025, covering genome assembly and cross-species genomic analyses, the genetic architecture and regulatory mechanisms of key forest traits, advances in gene editing and genomic selection, and innovations in germplasm resources and efficient propagation technologies. Collectively, these studies not only expand current understanding of forest tree genetics, but also provide methodological and resource support for precision design breeding. Finally, we discuss future development directions, with an emphasis on data-driven breeding, intelligent breeding design, the integration of emerging technologies, and the development of integrated breeding frameworks.

Key words: tree genetics and breeding, genomics, trait regulation, hybrid breeding, gene editing, genomic selection, elite variety propagation

中图分类号:

S718.46
S722

王军辉,丁昌俊,王君,李伟,薛良交,罗克明,钮世辉,陈金慧,张伟溪,吴蔼民,张苗苗,赵曦阳,殷恒福. 2025年中国林木遗传育种研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(6): 1-14.

Junhui Wang,Changjun Ding,Jun Wang,Wei Li,Liangjiao Xue,Keming Luo,Shihui Niu,Jinhui Chen,Weixi Zhang,Aimin Wu,Miaomiao Zhang,Xiyang Zhao,Hengfu Yin. Advances in Genetic Breeding Research of Chinese Forest Trees in 2025[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(6): 1-14.

图/表 1

表1

2025年林木高质量基因组与泛基因组资源代表性研究"

物种Species	资源类型Resource type	基因组大小Genome size	参考文献References
金花茶 Camellia nitidissima	端粒到端粒 Telomere-to-Telomere	2.72 Gb	Wang et al.， 2025g
蒙桑 Morus mongolica	端粒到端粒 Telomere-to-Telomere	341.88 Mb	Yang et al.， 2025a
乌柳 Salix cheilophila	端粒到端粒/无缺口 Telomere-to-Telomere / Gapless	343 Mb	Gao et al.， 2025a
女贞 Ligustrum lucidum	无缺口端粒到端粒 Gapless Telomere-to-Telomere	1.25 Gb	Li et al.， 2025j
山茱萸 Cornus officinalis	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	2.96 Gb	Zhang et al., 2026b
肋果沙棘 Hippophae neurocarpa	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	1002.54 Mb	Chen et al.， 2025d
金鸡纳树 Cinchona calisaya	近完整组装 Near-Complete Assembly	869.93 Mb	Du et al.， 2025
乌药 Lindera aggregata	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	1.59 Gb	Shi et al.， 2025c
裸花紫珠 Callicarpa nudiflora	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	597.82 Mb	Huang et al.， 2025b
花榈木 Ormosia henryi	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	2.69 Gb	Zhou et al.， 2025b
海南梧桐 Firmiana hainanensis	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	1546.179 Mb	Dong et al.， 2025
黑木相思 Acacia melanoxylon	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	680 Mb	Zhang et al., 2025b
青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	染色体级Chromosome-Level	hapA 366.41 / hapB 362.96 Mb	Qiao et al.， 2025
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	21.91 Gb	Chen et al.， 2025b
天女木兰 Magnolia sieboldii	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	~2.11 Gb	Lu et al.， 2025
中国枫香 Liquidambar formosana	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	~681 Mb	Liu et al.， 2025f
毛樱桃 Prunus tomentosa	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	211.55 Mb	Jiu et al.， 2025
紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera	染色体级 Chromosome-Level	244.89 Mb	Li et al.， 2025a
梣属 Fraxinus	泛基因组 Pangenome	678~868 Mb	Liu et al.， 2025e
梅 Prunus mume	图结构泛基因组 Graph Pangenome	412.41 Mb	Huang et al., 2026
桃 Prunus persica	泛变异组+泛基因组Panvariome + Pangenome	571.4 Mb	Li et al.， 2025h

表1

参考文献 0

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2025年中国林木遗传育种研究进展

Advances in Genetic Breeding Research of Chinese Forest Trees in 2025

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