宁夏河东沙区柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略，分析这2个树种在混交林中的水分利用关系、土壤水利用率的影响因子以及种植方式对土壤水分环境的影响，为旱区防护林的林分结构优化调控提供理论指导。方法: 于2018年生长季（5—10月），在宁夏河东沙区选择柠条纯林、新疆杨纯林和柠条+新疆杨混交林，利用氢氧稳定同位素技术和IsoSource混合模型，分析柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分来源，采用相似性比例指数（PS指数）计算柠条和新疆杨在混交林中的水分利用关系；同时，监测土壤含水量、土壤养分和根系生物量，并利用结构方程模型（SEM）量化不同因子对林地植物土壤水利用率的影响；计算土壤储水量、土壤水分亏缺和土壤水消耗率，分析柠条、新疆杨纯林及混交林对土壤水分环境的影响。结果: 1）在纯林和混交林中，整个生长季的柠条的主要水分来源土层基本一致，而新疆杨则表现出不一致性。2）混交林中柠条和新疆杨在整个生长季的相似性比例指数(PS)为62.75%，表明两者之间存在较弱的水分竞争，在生长季不同时期，2个树种的主要水分来源土层不同，能通过水分利用的时间和空间分离来应对干旱。3）土壤含水量对3个林地的植物土壤水利用率的总效应最高，土壤含水量和土壤养分与柠条纯林的土壤水利用率呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），而与混交林中柠条的土壤水利用率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与新疆杨纯林和混交林的植物土壤水利用率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；根系生物量对3个林地的植物土壤水利用率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。4）混交林土壤储水量高于柠条和新疆杨纯林，而土壤水分亏缺和土壤水消耗率低于柠条和新疆杨纯林。结论: 柠条在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略基本一致，新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略存在差异；混交林中的柠条和新疆杨通过时间和空间上的水分利用的差异来应对干旱，且混交林相比纯林可更有效降低土壤干旱化风险；土壤含水量和土壤养分是影响3个林地植物土壤水利用率的主要因素。

关键词: 水分来源, 水分利用关系, 氢氧稳定同位素, 结构方程模型, 土壤水分亏缺

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the water use strategies of Caragana korshinskii and Populus bolleana in pure and mixed plantations, and analyze the water use relationship of the two species in the mixed plantation, influencing factors of soil water utilization in different plantations, and the effects of different plantations of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana on soil moisture environment in the eastern sandy land of the Yellow River in Ningxia, China, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the stand structure optimization and regulation of shelter forests in arid areas. Method: In the growing season of 2018 (May–October), the pure plantations of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana and the mixed plantation of C. korshinskii + P. bolleana in the eastern sandy land of the Yellow River in Ningxia, China, were used as the study object. The stable isotope technique of hydrogen and oxygen and the IsoSource mixed model were used to analyze water source of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana in pure and mixed plantations, and the similarity proportion index (PS index) was used to calculate the water use relationship of two species in the mixed plantation. Soil water content, soil nutrients and root biomass were simultaneously monitored, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to quantify the impact of different factors on soil water utilization of two species. The effects of the two species in different plantations on soil water environment were analyzed by calculating soil water storage, soil water deficit and soil water consumption rate. Result: 1) Throughout the growing season, the main water sources of C. korshinskii in pure and mixed forest were the same, while that of P. bolleana in pure and mixed forest were opposite. 2) The PS index of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana in the mixed forest was 62.75% throughout the growing season, and there was a weak competitive relationship on water use between the two species. The PS index and water sources of the two tree species was various in different periods of the growing season, and the drought could be dealt with by the separation of water use in time and space. 3) Soil water content had the highest total effect on soil water use utilization in the three forests. Soil water content and soil nutrients were significantly negatively correlated with soil water use utilization of C. korshinskii in pure forest (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with soil water use efficiency of C. korshinskii in mixed forest (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with soil water utilization of P. bolleana in both pure forest and mixed forest (P<0.05). Root biomass was significantly positively correlated with the soil water utilization in the three forests (P<0.05). 4) The soil water storage of mixed forest was higher than that of pure forest of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana, but the soil water deficit and soil water consumption rate of mixed forest were lower than those of pure forest of C. korshinskii and P. bolleana. Conclusion: The water use strategy of C. korshinskii in pure and mixed forest is basically the same, while P. bolleana in pure and mixed forest has opposite water use strategies. In the mixed plantation, C. korshinskii and P. bolleana cope with drought through the difference of water use efficiency in time and space, and mixed plantation can reduce the risk of soil dryness compared to pure forests. The main influencing factors of soil water utilization of the two species in the pure and mixed plantations are soil water content and soil nutrients.

Key words: water source, water use relationship, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, structural equation model, soil water deficit.

中图分类号:

S718.43

柳利利,韩磊,王娜娜,周鹏,马云蕾,马军. 宁夏河东沙区柠条和新疆杨在纯林和混交林中的水分利用策略[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(10): 40-49.

Lili Liu,Lei Han,Nana Wang,Peng Zhou,Yunlei Ma,Jun Ma. Water Use Strategies of Caragana korshinskii and Populus bolleana in Pure and Mixed Plantations in the Eastern Sandy Land of the Yellow River in Ningxia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(10): 40-49.

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树种 Tree species	种植方式 Planting pattern	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	株行距 Planting spacing	平均树高 Average tree height /m	冠幅 Crown area	地径 Ground diameter /cm	胸径 Diameter at breast height /cm	郁闭度 Canopy density
柠条 C. korshinskii	纯林Pure	38°6′12″N, 106°22′2″E	3 m × 4 m	1.56 ± 0.15	2.40 m × 1.83 m	1.33 ± 0.39	—	0.58
柠条 C. korshinskii	混交Mixed	38°6′2″N, 106°22′36″E	3 m × 4 m	1.87 ± 0.09	2.52 m × 1.95 m	1.61 ± 0.15	—	0.69
新疆杨 P. bolleana	混交Mixed	38°6′2″N, 106°22′29″E	3 m × 4 m	8.12 ± 1.21	2.99 m × 2.12 m	—	7.82 ± 0.33	0.69
新疆杨 P. bolleana	纯林Pure	38°5′49″N, 106°22′25″E	3 m× 4 m	7.23 ± 1.09	2.72 m × 2.16 m	—	7.13 ± 0.49	0.55

月份 Month	5	6	7	8	9	10
PS指数 PS index（%）	72.25±2.26a	57.05±2.73b	59.60±1.99b	43.30±3.05c	72.30±1.92a	72.00±2.33a

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