枫香根际丛枝菌根真菌多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 为探明湖北、安徽两省20个典型采样地枫香根际丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）多样性，对枫香根际土壤中AMF种类、分布、菌根侵染等状况进行调查，初步了解该地区枫香林区AMF资源情况，为进一步探究当地枫香林地AMF群落结构及其生理生态功能提供参考。方法: 以10、20、50和100年生枫香为对象，采集枫香根际5~25 cm土壤样品，测定土壤理化性质。试验基于形态特征对分离的AMF孢子进行分类鉴定，利用KOH脱色锥虫蓝染色法观察20个采样地枫香根系的AMF侵染状况。冗余分析（RDA）探讨枫香根际丛枝菌根真菌与土壤因子的关系。结果: 1）20个样本中97.65%的枫香根样均检测到了AMF侵染，侵染率为49.43%~73.84%，平均侵染率为62.07%，安徽稽灵山枫香根样侵染率最高（73.84%），湖北九峰山森林公园枫香根样侵染率最低（49.43%）。根内真菌丛枝和泡囊较多，呈均匀分布，表明枫香容易被AMF侵染，但不同采样点之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）取样地土壤中分离出AMF孢子数为[86~275个·（50 g）^-1]土，平均孢子密度为166个·（50 g）^-1土，表现为安徽稽灵山最高[275个·（50 g）^-1土]，安徽黄山最低[86个·（50 g）^-1土]。3）通过形态学鉴定，共分离AM真菌11属46种，其中球囊霉属12种、无梗囊霉属13种、盾巨孢囊霉属5种，为取样地区枫香根际土壤AM真菌的优势属。4）土壤总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素含量分别在1.01~2.01 mg·g^-1和0.62~0.84 mg·g^-1之间。5）不同取样点枫香根际土壤AM真菌的属数、Shannon（香农）和Simpson多样性指数呈显著性差异（P < 0.05），并发现黄山林科院AMF的均匀度指数（1.04 ±0.03）和香农指数（3.55 ±0.04）最高。6）RDA分析可知枫香根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤有机质、土壤pH值和土壤蔗糖酶活性与AMF多样性呈显著相关（P < 0.05）。其中土壤pH和土壤过氧化氢酶活性对AMF多样性影响最大，土壤蔗糖酶活性和总球囊霉素含量呈显著正相关（R=0.705，P < 0.05）。结论: 湖北、安徽两省的20个样地人工林和天然林枫香根际均可形成丛枝菌根，根际土壤中的AMF孢子多样性丰富，球囊霉属为优势菌群。本研究结合AMF在生态系统中的分布特点，为开发枫香专用AMF肥料提供了丰富的菌种资源。

关键词: 枫香, 丛枝菌根真菌, 土壤因子, 球囊霉素, RDA分析

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the distribution of AMF in soil in 20 typical sampling sites of Hubei and Anhui Provinces, China was investigated, in order to explore the diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of Liquidambar formosana and understand AMF resources in L. formosana areas. Method: In this study, we selected 10, 20, 50 and 100 years old L. formosana as the research object, and collected 5-25 cm soil samples from the rhizosphere of L. formosana to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The isolated AMF spores were classified and identified based on morphological characteristics. AMF infestation in 20 sampling sites was observed by KOH decolorization-trypan blue staining method. Soil nutrient analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to investigate the correlation between AMF community structure and soil factors in different sampling sites. Result: 1) It was found that 97.65% of the root samples of L. formosana out of the 20 samples were infected by AMF, and the infection rate was 49.43%-73.84%, with an average infection rate of 62.07%. The infection rate was the highest (73.84%) in Jiling mountain of Anhui Province, and the lowest (49.43%) in Hubei Jiufengshan Forest Park. There were many arbuscles and vesicles in L. formosana root with even distribution, indicating that L. formosana was easy to be infected by AMF. 2) The number of AMF spores isolated from the soil samples was 86-275 spore·(50 g)^-1 soil, and the average spore density was 166 spore·(50 g)^-1 dry soil. The highest density was in the Jiling Mountain in Anhui [275 spore·(50 g)^-1 soil] and the lowest density was in Huangshan in Anhui [86 spore·(50 g)^-1 soil]. 3) A total of 46 species and 11 genera of AMF were identified through morphological identification from Anhui and Hubei, including 12 species of genus Glomus, 13 species of genus Acaulospora and 5 species of genus Scutellospora. These were dominant genus of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil of L. formosana. 4) The content of the total glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and easily extractable glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) were 1.01-2.01 mg·g^-1 and 0.62-0.84 mg·g^-1, respectively. 5) There were significant differences in the diversity index of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil of L. formosana (P < 0.05), and it was found that the Pielou index (1.04 ±0.03) and Shannon index (3.55 ±0.04) were the highest in Huangshan Academy of Forestry. 6) RDA analysis revealed that soil catalase activity, soil organic matter, soil pH and soil invertase activity were significantly correlated with AMF diversity (P < 0.05). Among them, soil pH and invertase activity had the greatest impact on AMF diversity. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the soil sucrase and total glomalin content (r = 0.705, P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study for the first time revealed the distribution characteristics of AMF in the rhizosphere of L. formosana in Hubei and Anhui provinces. The diversity of AMF spores in rhizosphere soil is rich, and Glomus is the dominant genus. Combined with the distribution characteristics of AMF in the ecosystem, the study provides rich strain resources for the development of special AMF fertilizer for L. formosana.

Key words: Liquidambar formosana, rhizosphere, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil factors, glomalin-related soil proteins, RDA analysis

中图分类号:

S714.3

宋娟,吴祝华,翁行良,赵邢,杨学祥,唐荣林,曹兵,巫昱,沈厚宇,任嘉红,陈凤毛. 枫香根际丛枝菌根真菌多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(9): 98-109.

Juan Song,Zhuhua Wu,Xingliang Weng,Xing Zhao,Xuexiang Yang,Ronglin Tang,Bing Cao,Yu Wu,Houyu Shen,Jiahong Ren,Fengmao Chen. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rhizosphere of Liquidambar formosana[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 98-109.

图/表 8

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

不同样地枫香植物根系AM真菌种类"

属Genus	种Species	安徽Anhui			湖北Hubei		相对多度Relative abundance (%)	频度Frequency (%)	重要值Importance value (%)
属Genus	种Species	黄山Huangshan Mount	稽灵山Jiling Mountain	黄山林科院Huangshan Academy of Forestry	湖北九峰山森林公园Hubei Jiufeng National Forest Park	武汉三角山Wuhan Sanjiao Mountain	相对多度Relative abundance (%)	频度Frequency (%)	重要值Importance value (%)
球囊霉属Glomus	黑球囊霉G. melanosporum	+	+	+	+	+	8.55	100.00	54.28
	地球囊霉G. geosporum	+	+	+	+	+	6.99	100.00	53.49
	悬钩子球囊霉G. rubiforme	－	－	－	+	+	0.84	40.00	20.42
	台湾球囊霉G. tanwanensis	－	－	+	－	－	0.60	20.00	10.30
	团集球囊霉G. glomerulatum	－	－	－	+	－	0.36	20.00	10.18
	海得拉巴球囊霉G. hyderabadensis	－	－	－	－	+	0.24	20.00	10.12
	多梗球囊霉G. multicaule	+	+	+	+	－	2.05	80.00	41.02
	莫顿球囊霉G. mortonii	－	－	+	+	－	0.96	40.00	20.48
	宝岛球囊霉G. formosanum	－	－	+	+	－	0.84	40.00	20.42
	扭型球囊霉G. tortuosum	+	+	－	－	－	0.48	40.00	20.24
	萌性球囊霉G. tenebrosum	－	－	－	+	+	0.48	40.00	20.24
	小果球囊霉G. microcarpum	－	+	－	+	+	1.08	60.00	30.54
无梗囊霉属Acaulospore	蜜色无梗囊霉A. mellea	+	+	+	+	+	7.95	100.00	53.98
	光壁无梗囊霉A. laevis	+	+	+	－	－	2.65	60.00	31.33
	瑞氏无梗囊霉A. rehmii	+	+	+	－	－	2.29	60.00	31.14
	附柄无梗囊霉A. appendicola	－	－	－	+	+	0.60	40.00	20.30
	双网无梗囊霉A. bireticulata	+	+	+	－	－	1.69	60.00	30.84
	孔窝无梗囊霉A. foveata	+	+	+	+	+	6.14	100.00	53.07
	浅窝无梗囊霉A. lacunosa	－	+	+	+	+	2.65	100.00	51.33
	疣状无梗囊霉A. tuberculata	+	+	+	－	－	1.08	60.00	30.54
	细凹无梗囊霉A. scrobiculata	+	－	+	+	－	1.33	60.00	30.66
	凹坑无梗囊霉A. excavata	－	+	+	－	－	2.17	40.00	21.08
	椒红无梗囊霉A. capsicula	－	+	－	+	－	1.20	40.00	20.60
	柯氏无梗囊霉A. koskei	－	－	+	+	－	0.72	40.00	20.36
	蜜色无梗囊霉A. spinosa	+	+	－	－	+	1.20	60.00	30.60
盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora	疣壁盾巨孢囊霉S. verrucosa	－	－	－	+	－	0.36	20.00	10.18
	黑盾巨孢囊霉S. nigra	+	－	+	－	+	1.45	60.00	30.72
	双紫盾巨孢囊霉S. dipurpurescens	－	－	+	+	－	0.36	40.00	20.18
	美丽盾巨孢囊霉S. calospora	－	+	+	+	－	3.01	60.00	31.51
	群生盾巨孢囊霉S. gregaria	+	+	+	+	+	5.78	100.00	52.89
巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora	易误巨孢囊霉G. decipiens	－	－	－	+	+	0.36	40.00	20.18
巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora	极大巨孢囊霉G. gigantea	－	－	－	+	－	0.36	20.00	10.18
近明囊霉属Claroideoglomus	近明球囊霉C. claroideum	+	－	+	+	－	1.81	60.00	30.90
	幼套球囊霉C. etunicatum	－	+	+	－	+	2.65	60.00	31.33
	层状球囊霉C. lamellosum	－	－	+	+	－	0.48	40.00	20.24
	纯黄球囊霉C. luteum	－	－	+	+	+	0.36	60.00	30.18
管孢囊霉属Funneliformis	两型球囊霉F. dimorphicus	－	－	－	+	-	0.12	20.00	10.06
	苏格兰球囊霉F. caledonium	－	+	－	－	+	1.33	40.00	20.66
	疣突球囊霉F. verruculosum	－	－	－	+	－	1.45	20.00	10.72
	缩球囊霉F. constrictum	+	－	+	－	+	1.81	60.00	30.90
平囊霉属Pacispora	方竹球囊霉P. chimonobambusae	－	－	－	+	+	1.08	40.00	20.54
根生囊霉属Rhizophagus	木薯球囊霉R. manihotis	+	－	+	－	+	1.20	60.00	30.60
根生囊霉属Rhizophagus	聚生球囊霉R. fasciculatus	－	+	+	+	－	1.33	60.00	30.66
多样孢囊霉属Diversispora	象牙白球囊霉D. eburnea	－	－	－	+	+	0.48	40.00	20.24
隔球囊霉属Septoglomus	黏质球囊霉S. viscosum	－	+	+	－	－	2.05	40.00	21.02
两性囊霉属Ambispora	詹氏双型囊霉A. jimgerdemannii	－	+	+	+	－	1.81	60.00	30.90

表2

表3

图5

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省份Province	采样地点Sampling sites	土壤含水量Soil moisture(%)	土壤类型Soil type	过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/ (U·g^-1)	土壤有机质含量Soil organic carbon content/(mg·kg^-1)	pH	蔗糖酶活性Saccharase activity/ (U·g^-1)
安徽Anhui	黄山Mount Huangshan	19.30±0.12 b	栗褐土Castano-cinnamon soils	2.80 ± 0.03 a	2.85 ± 0.01 a	5.62 ± 1.12 a	4.20 ± 0.30 b
	稽灵山Jiling Mountain	20.20±0.09 a	褐土Cinnamon soil	1.00 ± 0.02 c	1.71 ± 0.02 bc	4.29 ± 0.17 b	2.33 ± 0.25 c
	黄山林科院Huangshan Academy of Forestry	16.76±0.16 d	黄壤Yellow soil	0.90 ± 0.02 c	1.14 ± 0.57 c	4.79 ± 0.44 ab	3.70 ± 0.33 d
湖北Hubei	湖北九峰山森林公园Hubei Jiufeng National Forest Park	15.20±0.08 e	褐土Cinnamon soil	1.00 ± 0.03 c	2.28 ± 0.58 ab	3.78 ± 0.03 b	6.23 ± 0.25 a
湖北Hubei	武汉三角山Wuhan Sanjiao Mountain	18.40±0.07 c	褐土Cinnamon soil	1.60 ± 0.02 b	2.78 ± 0.27 a	4.19 ± 0.23 b	4.28 ± 0.20 b

采样点Sampling site	属数Genus number	种的丰度Species richness	Shannon	Simpson	均匀度Pielou
黄山Mount Huangshan	6 ± 1.00 c	16 ± 3.00 c	2.66 ± 0.02 b	0.92 ± 0.02 b	0.96 ± 0.03 b
稽灵山Jiling Mountain	8 ± 1.00 b	22 ± 2.00 b	2.46 ± 0.06 c	0.97 ± 0.03 a	0.80 ± 0.10 c
黄山林科院Huangshan Academy of Forestry	9 ± 1.00 ab	30 ± 2.00 a	3.55 ± 0.04 a	0.98 ± 0.03 c	1.04 ± 0.03 a
湖北九峰山森林公园Jiufeng National Forest Park	10 ± 2.00 a	31 ± 1.00 a	2.47 ± 0.02 c	0.96 ± 0.02 a	0.72 ± 0.02 d
武汉三角山Wuhan Sanjiao Mountain	9 ± 2.00 ab	21 ± 1.00 b	2.28 ± 0.02 d	0.97 ± 0.01 a	0.75 ± 0.01 cd

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