嫩江高峰林区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙动态

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210520

林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 202-210.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210520

• 研究简报 • 上一篇

嫩江高峰林区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙动态

李显达^1,^2,³,郭玉民^1,*,邢晓莹⁴,钱法文⁵,方克艰³,姚恒彪⁶

1. 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院北京 100083
2. 黑龙江中央站黑嘴松鸡国家级自然保护区服务中心嫩江 161499
3. 黑龙江高峰鸟类保护环志站嫩江 161407
4. 东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院哈尔滨 150040
5. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所全国鸟类环志中心北京 100091
6. 哈尔滨广播电视大学哈尔滨 150001

收稿日期:2020-05-27 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-07-09
通讯作者: 郭玉民
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局、全国鸟类环志中心、黑龙江省林业和草原局鸟类环志项目

Migration Dynamics of the Rustic Bunting Based on the Ringing Monitoring in the Gaofeng Forestry Area of Nenjiang, China

Xianda Li^1,^2,³,Yumin Guo^1,*,Xiaoying Xing⁴,Fawen Qian⁵,Kejian Fang³,Hengbiao Yao⁶

1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
2. Heilongjiang Central Station Black-Billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve Administration Nenjiang 161499
3. Heilongjiang Gaofeng Bird Ring Station Nenjiang 161407
4. College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
5. Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry National Bird Ring Center Beijing 100091
6. Harbin Radio and Television University Harbin 150001

Received:2020-05-27 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-07-09
Contact: Yumin Guo
Supported by:
国家林业和草原局、全国鸟类环志中心、黑龙江省林业和草原局鸟类环志项目

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 长距离迁徙的雀形目鸟类的种群数量正在持续下降，田鹀种群数量下降趋势更为突出。通过田鹀种群数量长期监测和迁徙动态分析，可为物种保护提供科学依据。方法: 2001-2017年，在嫩江高峰林区每年3月15日至5月31日、8月15日至11月20日，于不同生境设置高3 m、长20 m的粘网，布设数量为70片；每隔0.5 h巡视一次，将入网鸟类取下记录、环志后放飞。气象数据直接使用中国气象科学数据共享服务网上的嫩江气象台站2001-2017年逐日记录。有关数据利用SPSS 22.0软件进行相关性分析。结果: 连续17年累计环志田鹀18 155只，其中春季6 756只，秋季11 399只；各年度环志数量波动较大，总体呈现急速下降趋势；在高峰林区，田鹀春季的迁徙高峰集中在4月上、中旬，秋季的迁徙高峰集中在9月下旬、10月上旬；秋季成幼比例为25.4：74.6。翌年春季环志的成幼比例为43.3：56.7，幼鸟相对于成鸟的越冬损失率高达41.3%；环志数量与气象因子的相关性分析表明，极大风速及其风向是主导田鹀迁徙方向和迁徙时间的主要因子。回收信息表明，自然条件下田鹀寿命可达6年以上；中国东北地区是田鹀等鸟类的重要迁徙通道，而且迁徙路线相对稳定。结论: 近些年，田鹀种群数量急速下降，相对于环志数量最多的年份，环志数量下降90%以上，值得关注。农药的不合理使用、地表水质污染以及栖息地破碎化、非法猎捕等是影响田鹀生存的主要因素；建议依据田鹀等鸟类生物学习性，适时加大执法宣传和打击力度，合理使用高效、低毒和低残留农药，加强鸟类栖息地的保护，坚持长期的鸟类环志监测，进一步探索鸟类迁徙规律，促进鸟类种群的恢复。

关键词: 田鹀, 种群, 环志, 监测, 迁徙, 回收, 气象因子

Abstract:

Objective: Populations of passerine birds that migrate for long distances are decreasing continuously. In recent years, the declining trend of the population number of Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica) is more prominent. Through the long-term monitoring and migration dynamics analysis of the Rustic Bunting population, we intent to provide a scientific basis for the species conservation. Method: From 2001 to 2017, 70 pieces of sticky net with 3 m high and 20 m long were set up in different habitats from 15^th March to 31^th May and from 15^th August to 20^th November in Gaofeng forest region, Nenjiang, China. Patrol was implemented once every half an hour. The birds trapped in the net were recorded and then released after banding. Meteorological data were recorded daily from 2001 to 2017 by Nenjiang meteorological station which located 6 km away from Gaofeng forest region, and downloaded from the website of China meteorological data sharing service. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Result: From 2001 to 2017, a total of 18 155 Rustic Buntings were recorded and banded, including 6 756 Rustic Buntings in spring and 11 399 in autumn. The quantity of banding records fluctuated greatly annually, showing a rapid downward trend in general. The spring migration peak of Rustic Bunting was from 1^st to 20^th April, while the autumn migration peak was from late September to early October, and the ratio of adult to juvenile was 25.4:74.6 and 43.3:56.7 respectively in autumn and in the following spring. The overwintering loss rate of young birds was as high as 41.3% compared with that of adult birds. The correlation analysis between the quantity of bandings and meteorological factors showed that the maximum wind speed and wind direction were the main factors that dominated the migration direction and migration timing of Rustic Bunting. Recapture indicated that Northeast China is an important and relatively stable migration corridor for Rustic Bunting and other birds. Conclusion: In recent years, the population of Rustic Bunting has decreased sharply. The number of the birds banded decreased by more than 90% compared with the year with the largest number of banding, which is worthy of attention. Abuse of pesticides, surface water pollution, habitat fragmentation and illegal hunting are the main threats to the survival of Rustic Bunting. It is suggested that measures such as timely increasing law enforcement and propaganda, reasonably using high-efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides, strengthening the protection of bird habitat, taking long-term bird banding monitoring, further exploring the rule of migration of Rustic Bunting, and promoting the recovering of bird populations.

Key words: Rustic Bunting, population, ringing, monitoring, migration, recovery, meteorological factors

中图分类号:

S718.63

李显达,郭玉民,邢晓莹,钱法文,方克艰,姚恒彪. 嫩江高峰林区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙动态[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 202-210.

Xianda Li,Yumin Guo,Xiaoying Xing,Fawen Qian,Kejian Fang,Hengbiao Yao. Migration Dynamics of the Rustic Bunting Based on the Ringing Monitoring in the Gaofeng Forestry Area of Nenjiang, China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 202-210.

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环型环号 Banding model No.	性别 Sex	年龄 Age	环志地点 Place of banding	环志日期 Date of banding	回收地点 Place of recovery	回收日期 Recovery date	间隔日数 Interval days/d	距离 Distance/km
B19-2345	♀	U	高峰Gaofeng	2002-04-16	高峰Gaofeng	2007-09-06	1 970	0
B54-8340	♀	U	高峰Gaofeng	2010-09-18	大沾河Dazhanhe	2010-10-02	15	209
B16-3989	U	U	高峰Gaofeng	2001-09-29	克山Keshan	2001-11-17	50	90
B16-9435	U	U	高峰Gaofeng	2001-09-28	四站Sizhan	2002-04-19	204	68
B17-3181	♂	U	高峰Gaofeng	2002-03-20	帽儿山Mao’ershan	2003-04-06	383	439
B17-2600	♂	U	高峰Gaofeng	2002-04-02	帽儿山Mao’ershan	2004-10-15	928	439
A08-8970	U	U	高峰Gaofeng	2001-10-05	天津Tianjin	2002-10-31	392	1 297
B10-3616	♂	U	帽儿山Mao’ershan	2001-04-08	高峰Gaofeng	2002-04-15	373	439

环型环号 Banding model No.	性别 Sex	年龄 Age	环志地点 Place of banding	环志日期 Time of banding	回收地点 Place of recovery	回收日期 Recovery date	间隔日数 Interval days/d	距离 Distance/km
XZ91129	♀	A	俄罗斯Russia 49°55′0″N，127°40′0″E	2013-09-25	河北秦皇岛Qinhuangdao 39°49′0″N，119°25′0″E	2014-10-28	399	1 298
X-632788	U	U	芬兰Finland 62°37′0″N，29°41′0″E	1995-08-29	黑龙江望奎Wangkui 46°48′0″N，126°30′0″E	1996-04-24	240	5 838
1EE38911	♂	Y	瑞典Sweden 65°34′0″N，23°46′0″E	1995-07-27	天津Tianjin 39°2′0″N，117°12′0″E	1998-11-01	1 194	6 483
1EL65366	♀	Y	瑞典Sweden 65°24′0″N，21°40′0″E	2008-09-12	黑龙江新青Xinqing 48°18′0″N，129°32′0″E	2009-04-02	203	5 976
1EK56438	♀	Y	瑞典Sweden 65°20′0″N，21°31′0″E	2002-08-31	天津Tianjin 39°2′0″N，117°12′0″E	2002-10-26	57	6 388
1EK-06435	♂	Y	瑞典Sweden 63°49′0″N，21°0′0″E	2001-09-16	吉林吉林市Jilin 43°44′22″N，126°41′29″E	2004-11-01	1 143	6 435
1EN23816	♀	Y	瑞典Sweden 63°49′0″N，21°0′0″E	2005-08-31	天津Tianjin 39°1′0″N，117°39′0″E	2006-10-27	423	6 199
B51-3678	U	U	吉林省珲春市Hunchun 42°49′59″N，130°29′17″E	2003-10-16	韩国South Korea 37°40′0″N，128°57′0″E	2004-03-20	157	1 147

气候因子Climatic factor		春季环志量Spring	秋季环志量Autumn
气温Air temperature	平均Average	-0.156^**	0.146^**
	最高Highest	-0.129^**	0.194^**
	最低Lowest	-0.149^**	0.051
地面温度The ground temperature	平均Average	-0.150^**	0.167^**
	最高Highest	-0.043	0.247^**
	最低Lowest	-0.193^**	-0.026
相对湿度Relative humidity	平均Average	0.029	-0.255^**
相对湿度Relative humidity	最小Least	0.023	-0.203^**
降水量Precipitation	20:00―20:00	0.063	0.02
日照时数Sunshine hours		0.005	-0.013
蒸发量Evaporation		0.223^**	0.034
风速Wind speed	平均Average	-0.090^*	-0.052
	极大Extremely	0.404^**	0.275^**
	最大Maximum	0.153^**	0.022
风向Wind direction	极大风速Extremely	0.404^**	0.275^**
风向Wind direction	最大风速Maximum	0.155^**	0.023
气压Air pressure	平均Average	-0.011	0.047
	最高Highest	-0.037	0.020
	最低Lowest	-0.004	0.062

年度Year	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
农药销售量Sales of pesticides/t	886	941	1 314	1 434	1 380	1 589	1 718	1 927	2 215	1 960	2 033	2 012

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嫩江高峰林区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙动态

Migration Dynamics of the Rustic Bunting Based on the Ringing Monitoring in the Gaofeng Forestry Area of Nenjiang, China

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