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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 190-200.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211119

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

深圳梧桐山不同树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤微生物多样性分析

龚金玉1,彭金根2,谢利娟2,张银凤1,李朝婵3,王艳梅1,*   

  1. 1. 河南农业大学林学院 郑州 450002
    2. 深圳职业技术学院应用化学与生物技术学院 深圳 518055
    3. 贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境重点实验室 贵阳 550001
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-24 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 王艳梅
  • 基金资助:
    毛棉杜鹃在深圳的推广应用研究(6019260135K)

Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Rhododendron moulmainense with Different Tree Potential in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen

Jinyu Gong1,Jingen Peng2,Lijuan Xie2,Yinfeng Zhang1,Chaochan Li3,Yanmei Wang1,*   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002
    2. School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic Shenzhen 518055
    3. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Mountainous Environmental Protection, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001
  • Received:2021-02-24 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Yanmei Wang

摘要:

目的: 研究深圳梧桐山不同树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,探明毛棉杜鹃树势退化与根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构间的关系,为保障梧桐山毛棉杜鹃种群更新和演替提供理论支撑。方法: 采用抖落法采集不同树势(优、中、劣)毛棉杜鹃根际土壤,测定土壤含水量、pH和有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量;提取根际土壤DNA,利用高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构及多样性。结果: 3种树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤理化性质无显著差异;所有土壤样品共检测出细菌有效序列681 807条,平均每个样本产生79 898条有效序列,聚类为2 008个OTUs,归属于27门438种,其中优势细菌门为酸杆菌门(36.3%~47.2%)、变形菌门(31.2%~32.0%)和绿弯菌门(3.0%~7.7%);真菌有效序列710 302条,平均每个样本产生79 862条有效序列,聚类为1 129 OTUs,归属于10门489种,其中优势真菌门为担子菌门(49.3%~59.3%)、子囊菌门(32.0%~40.8%)和被孢霉门(1.7%~4.6%)。α多样性分析显示,不同树势之间根际土壤真菌群落丰度和多样性无显著规律,但细菌群落丰度和多样性随树势衰落逐渐增大,且树势差异越大群落丰度指数(Ace、Chao1、PD_whole_tree)差异性越显著(P < )。β多样性分析显示,不同树势之间根际土壤细菌差异性较小,但真菌差异性较大,且树势差异越大真菌差异性越显著。LEfSe分析表明,毛棉杜鹃优势根际土与劣势根际土之间具有差异显著的真菌分类单元,主要差异真菌为Archaeorhizormyces属、Phaeosphaeriaceae科、Helotiales(柔膜菌目)、Arthrobotrys属、Pseudaleuria属、Pyronemataceae科等,柔膜菌目真菌属于杜鹃属植物的菌根真菌。结论: 不同树势毛棉杜鹃土壤理化性质无显著差异,土壤理化性质不是树势衰退的主要影响因素,而不同树势之间根际土壤微生物群落结构差异显著,且树势差异越大其真菌群落结构差异越大,主要差异真菌为Archaeorhizormyces属、Phaeosphaeriaceae科、Helotiales(柔膜菌目)等。

关键词: 毛棉杜鹃, 根际土壤, 高通量测序, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the degradation of tree potential of Rhododendron moulmainense and the physical and chemical properties as well as the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen by analyzing the physical and chemical properties and microbial community diversity of the rhizosphere soil. Method: The water content, pH value, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and mineral nitrogen of rhizosphere soil of R. moulmainense trees with different tree potential in Wutong Mountain were analyzed. Additionally, the DNA of rhizosphere soil was extracted, and was used to investigate microbial diversity and community structure using high-throughput sequencing technology. Result: The result showed that there was no significant difference in physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil among the three tree potentials. A total of 681 807 effective bacterial sequences were detected in rhizosphere soil of three tree rhizosphere, with an average of 79 898 effective bacterial sequences per sample, of which 2 008 OTUs were obtained, belonging to 438 species and 27 phyla. The dominant bacteria were Acideobacteria (36.3%-47.2%), Proteobacteria (31.2%-32.0%), and Chloroflexi (3.0%-7.7%). A total of 710 302 effective fungal reads were detected, with an average of 79 862 effective reads per sample, which concluded 1 129 OUT clusters, belonging to 489 species and 10 phyla. The dominant fungi were Basidiomycota (49.3%-59.3%), Ascomycota (32.0%-40.8%), Mortierellomycota (1.7%-4.6%). The result of alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant pattern in the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil fungal community among different tree potentials, but the richness and diversity of bacterial community gradually increase with the decline of tree potential, and the greater the difference of tree potential, the more significant the difference of community richness index (Ace, Chao1, PD_whole_tree) (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that there was no correlation between bacteria and tree growth. However, fungi were correlated with tree growth. LEfSe analysis showed that there were significant differences in fungal taxa between dominant Rhododendron rhizosphere soil (AR) and inferior Rhododendron rhizosphere soil (DR). The differential microorganisms were mainly Archaeorhizormyces, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Helotiales, Arthrobotrys, Pseudaleuria, and Pyronemataceae. The Helotiales belongs to the root fungus of the azalea plant. Conclusion: There is no difference in soil physicochemical properties among R. moulmainense trees with different growth potentials, indicating that the variation of soil physicochemical properties may not be big enough to affect R. moulmainense, growth potential. The differences in the structure of soil microbial communities are correlated with R. moulmainense, growth potential.

Key words: Rhododendron moulmainense, rhizosphere soil, high-throughput sequencing, microbial diversity

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