林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 190-200.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211119
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
龚金玉1,彭金根2,谢利娟2,张银凤1,李朝婵3,王艳梅1,*
收稿日期:
2021-02-24
出版日期:
2021-11-25
发布日期:
2022-01-12
通讯作者:
王艳梅
基金资助:
Jinyu Gong1,Jingen Peng2,Lijuan Xie2,Yinfeng Zhang1,Chaochan Li3,Yanmei Wang1,*
Received:
2021-02-24
Online:
2021-11-25
Published:
2022-01-12
Contact:
Yanmei Wang
摘要:
目的: 研究深圳梧桐山不同树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,探明毛棉杜鹃树势退化与根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构间的关系,为保障梧桐山毛棉杜鹃种群更新和演替提供理论支撑。方法: 采用抖落法采集不同树势(优、中、劣)毛棉杜鹃根际土壤,测定土壤含水量、pH和有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量;提取根际土壤DNA,利用高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构及多样性。结果: 3种树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤理化性质无显著差异;所有土壤样品共检测出细菌有效序列681 807条,平均每个样本产生79 898条有效序列,聚类为2 008个OTUs,归属于27门438种,其中优势细菌门为酸杆菌门(36.3%~47.2%)、变形菌门(31.2%~32.0%)和绿弯菌门(3.0%~7.7%);真菌有效序列710 302条,平均每个样本产生79 862条有效序列,聚类为1 129 OTUs,归属于10门489种,其中优势真菌门为担子菌门(49.3%~59.3%)、子囊菌门(32.0%~40.8%)和被孢霉门(1.7%~4.6%)。α多样性分析显示,不同树势之间根际土壤真菌群落丰度和多样性无显著规律,但细菌群落丰度和多样性随树势衰落逐渐增大,且树势差异越大群落丰度指数(Ace、Chao1、PD_whole_tree)差异性越显著(P < )。β多样性分析显示,不同树势之间根际土壤细菌差异性较小,但真菌差异性较大,且树势差异越大真菌差异性越显著。LEfSe分析表明,毛棉杜鹃优势根际土与劣势根际土之间具有差异显著的真菌分类单元,主要差异真菌为Archaeorhizormyces属、Phaeosphaeriaceae科、Helotiales(柔膜菌目)、Arthrobotrys属、Pseudaleuria属、Pyronemataceae科等,柔膜菌目真菌属于杜鹃属植物的菌根真菌。结论: 不同树势毛棉杜鹃土壤理化性质无显著差异,土壤理化性质不是树势衰退的主要影响因素,而不同树势之间根际土壤微生物群落结构差异显著,且树势差异越大其真菌群落结构差异越大,主要差异真菌为Archaeorhizormyces属、Phaeosphaeriaceae科、Helotiales(柔膜菌目)等。
中图分类号:
龚金玉,彭金根,谢利娟,张银凤,李朝婵,王艳梅. 深圳梧桐山不同树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(11): 190-200.
Jinyu Gong,Jingen Peng,Lijuan Xie,Yinfeng Zhang,Chaochan Li,Yanmei Wang. Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Rhododendron moulmainense with Different Tree Potential in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 190-200.
表1
不同树势样地的植物生长统计①"
样品 Samples | 树龄 Tree age/a | 地径 Ground diameter/cm | 3年生枝长 Length of 3-year-old shoots/cm | 叶面积 Leaf area/mm2 | 叶长 Leaf length/mm | 叶宽 Leaf width/mm | 长宽比 Length-width ratio |
优势树根际土 Advantaged trees, rhizosphere soil(AR) | 36 | 25.9 | 18.23±1.48a | 39.88±1.13a | 98.27a | 44.13a | 2.23 |
中庸树根际土 Moderated trees, rhizosphere soil(MR) | 36 | 26.4 | 15.7±0.94ab | 25.63±0.66b | 81.80b | 34.67b | 2.36 |
劣势树根际土 Disadvantaged trees, rhizosphere soil(DR) | 36 | 17.4 | 12.61±0.83b | 24.20±1.05b | 65.93c | 33.53b | 1.97 |
表2
不同树势土壤理化性质分析"
土壤理化指标 Soil physicochemical properties | 土壤含水量 Soil water content (%) | pH | 有机质 Organic carbon/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/(mg·kg-1) |
AR | 17.81±0.05 | 4.28±0.03 | 17.90±1.33 | 1.95±0.40 | 113.40±9.55 |
MR | 13.95±0.70 | 5.25±0.45 | 12.22±1.98 | 1.96±0.21 | 107.33±4.32 |
DR | 14.79±1.82 | 5.09±0.11 | 11.53±2.81 | 1.73±0.09 | 90.30±7.95 |
显著性Significance | >0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 |
F | 3.231 | 4.793 | 2.699 | 0.264 | 2.486 |
表3
根际土壤样品真菌和细菌测序结果统计"
微生物 Microbial | 样品 Samples | 原始数据 Raw reads | 高质量数据 Clean reads | 有效序列 Effective reads | 平均长度 Mean length | GC含量 GC ratio(%) | 有效序列占比 Proportion of effective reads(%) |
真菌 Fungi | AR | 79 879 | 79 250 | 79 080 | 264 | 48.36 | 99.00 |
79 790 | 79 103 | 78 932 | 260 | 47.47 | 98.92 | ||
79 879 | 79 234 | 79 146 | 253 | 48.48 | 99.08 | ||
MR | 80 043 | 79 327 | 78 968 | 253 | 50.86 | 98.66 | |
79 798 | 78 788 | 78 631 | 267 | 48.87 | 98.54 | ||
79 788 | 79 150 | 78 965 | 287 | 47.06 | 98.97 | ||
DR | 79 654 | 79 032 | 78 844 | 264 | 47.65 | 98.98 | |
79 889 | 79 187 | 78 945 | 260 | 48.40 | 98.82 | ||
80 040 | 79 352 | 78 791 | 267 | 46.74 | 98.44 | ||
平均Mean | 79 862 | 79 158 | 78 922 | 264 | 48.21 | 98.82 | |
总计Total | 718 760 | 712 423 | 710 302 | 2 375 | — | — | |
细菌 Bacteria | AR | 80 011 | 79 448 | 73 712 | 413 | 56.93 | 92.13 |
79 665 | 79 160 | 77 756 | 413 | 56.80 | 97.60 | ||
79 894 | 79 403 | 72 503 | 412 | 56.67 | 90.75 | ||
MR | 80 010 | 79 499 | 74 121 | 413 | 56.95 | 92.64 | |
80 003 | 79 324 | 75 440 | 421 | 57.32 | 94.30 | ||
79 999 | 79 485 | 77 791 | 417 | 56.49 | 97.24 | ||
DR | 79 657 | 79 120 | 78 225 | 414 | 56.62 | 98.20 | |
79 958 | 79 448 | 78 021 | 419 | 56.83 | 97.58 | ||
79 891 | 79 268 | 74 238 | 415 | 56.88 | 92.92 | ||
平均Mean | 79 898 | 79 350 | 75 756 | 415 | 56.83 | 94.81 | |
总计Total | 719 088 | 714 155 | 681 807 | 3 737 | — | — |
表4
根际土壤真菌和细菌α多样性分析"
微生物 Microbial | 样品 Samples | Ace | Chao1 | Simpson | Shannon | PD_whole_tree | Coverage |
真菌 Fungi | AR | 456.69±15.12b | 510.04a | 0.88±0.02 | 4.61±0.02a | 75.92b | 1.00 |
MR | 554.97±23.29a | 600.17a | 0.92±0.03 | 5.51±0.48a | 89.41a | 1.00 | |
DR | 480.73±10.07b | 506.18a | 0.92±0.01 | 5.26±0.31a | 78.54b | 1.00 | |
细菌 Bacteria | AR | 1 443.51±58.97b | 1 472.28b | 0.99±0.00 | 8.11±0.11a | 71.49b | 1.00 |
MR | 1 640.09±114.87ab | 1 661.52ab | 0.99±0.00 | 8.81±0.50a | 81.96ab | 1.00 | |
DR | 1 804.75±50.28a | 1 826.68a | 1.00±0.00 | 9.17±0.22a | 90.41a | 1.00 |
表5
根际微生物物种分类学统计"
微生物 Microbial | 样本 Samples | OTUs | 门 Phylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species |
真菌 Fungi | AR | 389 | 10 | 34 | 70 | 145 | 259 | 341 |
MR | 501 | 10 | 34 | 76 | 159 | 306 | 410 | |
DR | 412 | 10 | 33 | 74 | 159 | 293 | 373 | |
总计Total | 1 129 | 10 | 34 | 82 | 180 | 359 | 489 | |
细菌 Bacteria | AR | 1 315 | 27 | 71 | 155 | 248 | 389 | 405 |
MR | 1 551 | 27 | 74 | 164 | 261 | 409 | 429 | |
DR | 1 739 | 27 | 74 | 164 | 261 | 414 | 437 | |
总计Total | 2 008 | 27 | 74 | 164 | 261 | 415 | 438 |
表6
土壤样本细菌和真菌在目水平上各菌群相对丰度百分比①"
分类水平 Classification level | 细菌Bacteria | 分类水平 Classification level | 真菌Fungi | ||||
AR | MR | DR | AR | MR | DR | ||
Solibacterales | 14.55 | 12.21 | 10.93 | 蜡壳耳目Sebacinales | 51.57 | 27.21 | 47.18 |
酸杆菌目Acidobacteriales | 15.73 | 7.43 | 7.85 | 散囊菌目Eurotiales | 15.67 | 20.04 | 11.91 |
根瘤菌目Rhizobiales | 11.43 | 9.07 | 8.23 | 蘑菇目Agaricales | 1.25 | 15.63 | 2.82 |
Subgroup_2 | 12.44 | 8.04 | 6.83 | 肉座菌目Hypocreales | 2.56 | 6.03 | 3.45 |
uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6 | 2.88 | 9.17 | 6.93 | 被孢霉菌目Mortierellales | 1.74 | 4.60 | 2.49 |
Betaproteobacteriales | 2.32 | 6.34 | 5.38 | 粪壳菌目Sordariales | 1.02 | 1.95 | 4.70 |
Gammaproteobacteria_Incertae_Sedis | 3.71 | 2.50 | 1.79 | 盘菌目Pezizales | 0.04 | 1.38 | 4.73 |
Elsterales | 3.21 | 1.85 | 2.20 | 柔膜菌目Helotiales | 2.98 | 2.11 | 0.67 |
黏球菌目Myxococcales | 1.69 | 2.20 | 2.41 | 糙孢孔目Trechisporales | 2.27 | 2.61 | 0.26 |
SBR1031 | 0.73 | 1.96 | 2.96 | 古根菌目Archaeorhizomycetales | 3.45 | 0.68 | 0.43 |
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