不同施氮模式和施氮量对福建柏幼苗生物量分配和根系生长的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200718

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究不同施氮模式和施氮量对福建柏幼苗生物量分配和根系生长的影响，旨在为福建柏幼苗合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。方法: 以1年生福建柏幼苗为对象，设置平均施氮（相同间隔时间内施用等量氮素）、指数施氮（依据氮素指数添加）和对照（CK）3种处理，分析不同施氮量对福建柏幼苗根、茎和叶生物量分配及根系形态变化的影响；运用洛伦兹模型和抛物面模型拟合2种施氮模式下根系生物量与苗高、地径的生长变化关系，并通过主成分分析方法综合评价最佳施氮模式和施氮水平。结果: 在平均施氮和指数施氮模式下，氮素施入对1年生福建柏幼苗生物量均具有显著影响；2种施氮模式对生物量分配的影响程度存在差异，但根、茎和叶生物量均表现出随施氮量提高先增加后减少的变化趋势；在指数施氮模式下，福建柏幼苗的根、茎生物量高于平均施氮处理；在平均施氮和指数施氮模式下，总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根平均直径和比根长指标均高于CK，表现出各指标均随施氮量提高先增加后减少的变化趋势，指数施氮处理下福建柏根系各形态指标均高于平均施氮处理；抛物面模型具有较高的R²（0.922~0.978）和较低的RSS（0.234~0.841），拟合结果优于洛伦兹模型，能够精确预测不同施氮处理下的根系生物量以及苗高、地径的生长变化。结论: 平均施氮和指数施氮均能促进福建柏幼苗的生物量积累和根系生长，其中指数施氮模式优于平均施氮，最佳施氮水平为每株600 mg氮素。

关键词: 福建柏幼苗, 平均施氮, 指数施氮, 生物量分配, 根系生长

Abstract:

Objective: The impacts of varying N fertilization patternser modes and rates quantities were incorporated to the soil to assessed their influence on biomass and root morphological traits of one-year-old Fokienia hodginsii seedlings. The current study was aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of N fertilizer in F. hodginsii seedlings plantation. Method: One-year-old F. hodginsii seedlings were grown under three treatments: average fertilization (applying the same amount of N with the same interval), exponential fertilization (adding N according to the N index), and the control (CK). Effects of different N application quantities on allocation of leaves, stem, and roots of the seedlings were also determined and Lorentz model and parabolic model were used to fit the relationship between root biomass, height and diameter. Moreover, the optimum pattern and quantity of N application were evaluated using principal component analysis. Result: The application of N (average fertilization and exponential fertilization) had a significant effect on the seedling biomass of F. hodginsii. The influence of the two models of nitrogen application on biomass allocation was different. However, the biomass of roots, stems, and leaves showed the same trend of increasing followed by decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application. The biomass of roots and stems amended with exponential fertilization was higher than that of the average fertilization. Seedlings treated with N fertilizers showed improved root morphological traits (total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, and specific root length) compared to the CK. The trend of root morphological changes was consistent with biomass allocation with an increase of N application, and the root indices of the treatment of average fertilization were higher than that of the exponential fertilization treatment. The Parabolic model as a multi-variable nonlinear model showed a better fit to the total root biomass with higher correlation coefficients (R² is 0.922-0.978) and the smaller residual sum of squares RSS (0.234-0.841). The fitting was better than that of the Lorentzian model, which can accurately predict the root biomass and height and diameter under different nitrogen treatments. Conclusion: The two application patterns had positive effects on the biomass accumulation (above and below ground biomass) and growth attributes of F. hodginsii but the exponential fertilization showed better results than the average fertilization and 600 mg per plant proved to be the best N application.

Key words: Fokienia hodginsii seedlings, mean fertilization, exponential fertilization, biomass allocation, root growth

中图分类号:

S723.7

荣俊冬,凡莉莉,陈礼光,张迎辉,何天友,陈凌艳,宋鲲鹏,郑郁善. 不同施氮模式和施氮量对福建柏幼苗生物量分配和根系生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 175-184.

Jundong Rong,Lili Fan,Liguang Chen,Yinghui Zhang,Tianyou He,Lingyan Chen,Kunpeng Song,Yushan Zheng. Impacts on Biomass Allocation and Root Growth of Fokienia hodginsii Seedlings of Different Patterns and Quantities of Nitrogen Application[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 175-184.

图/表 7

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

洛伦兹模型和抛物面模型对福建柏单株幼苗根系生物量及苗高、地径的拟合"

	处理 Treatment	拟合模型 Fitting model	R²	RSS
洛伦兹模型 Lorentzian model	CK	$M=\frac{0.378}{\left[1+(D+1071.87)^{2} / 1149.685\right]\left[1+(H-d)^{2} / 0.496\right]}$	0.844	0.818
	A₁	$M=\frac{0.041}{\left[1+(D+878.550)^{2} / 39.778\right]\left[1+(H+18.826)^{2} / 0.006\right]}$	0.790	0.840
	A₂	$M=\frac{0.03}{\left[1+(D+821.751)^{2} / 29.106\right]\left[1+(H+35.675)^{2} / 0.007\right]}$	0.836	1.522
	A₃	$M=\frac{0.085}{\left[1+(D+9.140)^{2} / 8.294\right]\left[1+(H-1.45)^{2} / 3.729\right]}$	0.845	1.384
	A₄	$M=\frac{0.093}{\left[1+(D+28.138)^{2} / 29.910\right]\left[1+(H+13.001)^{2} / 5.396\right]}$	0.828	1.657
	A₅	$M=\frac{0.019}{\left[1+(D+64.069)^{2} / 7.258\right]\left[1+(H+22.055)^{2} / 0.092\right]}$	0.809	1.318
	E₁	$M=\frac{0.05}{\left[1+(D+1601.23)^{2} / 44.836\right]\left[1+(H+46.003)^{2} / 0.006\right]}$	0.805	1.126
	E₂	$M=\frac{0.042}{\left[1+(D+927.343)^{2} / 5.203\right]\left[1+(H+43.175)^{2} / 0.008\right]}$	0.808	1.707
	E₃	$M=\frac{0.082}{\left[1+(D+1419.040)^{2} / 44.396\right]\left[1+(H+19.096)^{2} / 0.004\right]}$	0.844	2.231
	E₄	$M=\frac{0.068}{\left[1+(D+2380.880)^{2} / 41.783\right]\left[1+(H+38.478)^{2} / 0.002\right]}$	0.861	2.446
	E₅	$M=\frac{0.035}{\left[1+(D+242.748)^{2} / 10.189\right]\left[1+(H+13.201)^{2} / 0.017\right]}$	0.869	1.965
抛物面模型 Paraboloid model	CK	M= -9.296-0.775D + 0.424H-0.057D² + 0.016H²	0.965	0.819
	A₁	M= -14.268-0.207D + 7.937H-1.325D² + 0.003H²	0.922	0.841
	A₂	M= -5.12-0.090D + 2.753H-0.444D² + 0.001H²	0.964	0.597
	A₃	M= 11.384-0.586D-1.923H + 0.285D² + 0.012H²	0.979	0.749
	A₄	M= 1.243-0.378D + 2.944H-0.474D² + 0.007H²	0.947	0.658
	A₅	M= -11.156 + 0.973D-1.365H + 0.158D²-0.016H²	0.950	0.322
	E₁	M= -3.425-0.143D + 3.637H-0.574D² + 0.003H²	0.935	0.127
	E₂	M= -4.291 + 0.528D-1.532H + 0.264D²-0.009H²	0.946	0.708
	E₃	M= 8.37-0.476D-0.802H + 0.143D² + 0.009H²	0.978	0.234
	E₄	M= 5.912-0.267D-0.719H + 0.114D² + 0.005H²	0.970	0.449
	E₅	M= -10.551 + 0.086D + 5.908H-0.902D²-0.001H²	0.962	0.465

表5

表6

表7

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施肥次数 Fertilizer time	处理Treatment
施肥次数 Fertilizer time	E₁	E₂	E₃	E₄	E₅
1	5.21	7.25	8.57	9.56	10.36
2	5.98	8.75	10.67	12.17	13.42
3	6.88	10.56	13.28	15.50	17.39
4	7.90	12.75	16.54	19.73	22.54
5	9.07	15.39	20.59	25.12	29.21
6	10.42	18.58	25.63	31.99	37.85
7	11.98	22.43	31.91	40.73	49.04
8	13.76	27.07	39.72	51.85	63.56
9	15.81	32.68	49.45	66.02	82.36
10	18.16	39.45	61.57	84.05	106.73
11	20.86	47.62	76.64	107.02	138.31
12	23.97	57.48	95.41	136.25	179.24
总计Total	150	300	450	600	750

处理 Treatments	根Root		茎Stem		叶Leaf		根冠比	总生物量 Total biomass/g
处理 Treatments	生物量 Biomass/g	占总生物量比例 Proportion (%)	生物量 Biomass/g	占总生物量比例 Proportion (%)	生物量 Biomass/g	占总生物量比例 Proportion (%)	根冠比	总生物量 Total biomass/g
CK	0.67±0.17c	20.76	0.79±0.11c	24.46	1.74±0.05f	53.87	0.26±0.05b	3.23±0.09f
A₁	0.69±0.09c	20.32	0.86±0.16bc	25.52	1.82±0.18ef	54.01	0.26±0.01b	3.37±0.18f
A₂	0.80±0.08bc	20.49	0.90±0.19bc	22.96	2.23±0.21cde	56.89	0.26±0.04b	3.92±0.05de
A₃	0.96±0.14abc	22.71	0.93±0.08bc	22.20	2.31±0.19bcd	55.07	0.30±0.02b	4.19±0.01c
A₄	1.08±0.15ab	22.45	1.24±0.16bc	25.78	2.48±0.21ab	51.56	0.29±0.02ab	4.81±0.20b
A₅	1.02±0.31abc	21.82	1.10±0.29bc	23.38	2.57±0.21abc	54.80	0.28±0.12ab	4.69±0.20b
E₁	0.78±0.05bc	20.96	0.89±0.04bc	23.80	2.06±0.11def	55.08	0.26±0.02b	3.74±0.10e
E₂	0.90±0.25bc	22.40	0.93±0.20bc	22.26	2.17±0.18bcde	55.35	0.29±0.03b	4.00±0.11cd
E₃	1.05±0.19ab	22.87	1.28±0.20bc	27.00	2.41±0.17ab	50.84	0.28±0.04ab	4.74±0.22b
E₄	1.17±0.23a	23.14	1.39±0.11a	27.42	2.51±0.19a	50.51	0.30±0.05ab	5.07±0.14a
E₅	1.05±0.05ab	22.26	1.22±0.20ab	25.79	2.46±0.26abc	52.01	0.29±0.02b	4.73±0.03b

处理 Treatments	总根长 Total root length/cm	总根表面积 Total surface area/cm²	总根体积 Total volume of root/cm³	根平均直径 Root average diameter/cm	比根长 Specific root length/(m·g^-1)
CK	482.32±7.98g	105.13±0.72g	1.93±0.11f	0.58±0.02e	7.20±0.08cd
A₁	524.27±15.67fg	113.04±4.25fg	2.07±0.21f	0.64±0.01d	7.60±0.11cd
A₂	572.59±18.95f	131.82±4.20e	2.19±0.06ef	0.66±0.02cd	7.16±0.24bc
A₃	774.67±16.63d	141.70±5.94	2.42±0.17e	0.69±0.03bc	8.07±0.05bc
A₄	903.65±43.46bc	186.78±7.33b	3.30±0.14ab	0.72±0.03b	8.37±0.35ab
A₅	788.22±12.27d	161.80±6.87c	2.72±0.05d	0.68±0.01bcd	7.73±0.12d
E₁	622.53±21.19e	119.65±5.17f	2.15±0.18f	0.66±0.02cd	7.98±0.16bc
E₂	770.27±4.37d	164.92±10.65c	2.77±0.11d	0.67±0.03cd	8.56±0.05bc
E₃	937.34±34.07b	181.66±4.88b	2.94±0.21d	0.70±0.03b	8.93±0.24bc
E₄	1 083.43±69.19a	196.92±1.20a	3.37±0.08a	0.80±0.01a	9.26±0.31ab
E₅	856.21±4.84c	182.20±2.98b	3.08±0.16bc	0.71±0.02b	8.15±0.09a

指标 Index	根生物量 Root biomass	地上生物量 Above ground biomass	总生物量 Total biomass	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	总根长 Total root length	总根表面积 Total surface area	总根体积 Total volume of root	根平均直径 Root average diameter	比根长 Specific root length
根生物量Root biomass	1
地上生物量 Above ground biomass	0.977^**	1
总生物量Total biomass	0.987^**	0.998^**	1
根冠比Root shoot ratio	0.840^**	0.706^*	0.744^**	1
总根长Total root length	0.974^**	0.928^**	0.945^**	0.867^**	1
总根表面积Total surface area	0.960^**	0.940^**	0.951^**	0.800^**	0.957^**	1
总根体积Total volume of root	0.948^**	0.918^**	0.932^**	0.806^**	0.950^**	0.987^**	1
根系平均直径 Root average diameter	0.901^**	0.877^**	0.887^**	0.740^**	0.924^**	0.863^**	0.872^**	1
比根长Specific root length	0.778^**	0.692^*	0.721^*	0.807^**	0.896^**	0.811^**	0.809^**	0.812^**	1

成分 Composition	根生物量 Root biomass	地上生物量 Above ground biomass	总生物量 Total biomass	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	总根长 Total root length	总根表面积 Total surface area	总根体积 Total volume of root	根平均直径 Root average diameter	比根长 Specific root length	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate(%)
1	0.987	0.950	0.965	0.858	0.994	0.976	0.970	0.928	0.859	8.022	89.133	89.133
2	-0.110	-0.298	-0.248	0.377	0.070	-0.075	-0.047	-0.014	0.431	0.503	5.589	94.721
3	-0.090	-0.009	-0.029	-0.325	0.033	-0.038	-0.031	0.258	0.232	0.239	2.653	97.374