林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 55-64.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200106
温月仙1,甘红豪1,史胜青1,江泽平2,吴利禄1,褚建民1,*
收稿日期:
2019-02-14
出版日期:
2020-01-25
发布日期:
2020-02-24
通讯作者:
褚建民
基金资助:
Yuexian Wen1,Honghao Gan1,Shengqing Shi1,Zeping Jiang2,Lilu Wu1,Jianmin Chu1,*
Received:
2019-02-14
Online:
2020-01-25
Published:
2020-02-24
Contact:
Jianmin Chu
Supported by:
摘要:
目的: 甘蒙柽柳为我国黄河流域特有种,本研究旨在探讨该物种各居群间的谱系地理结构以及黄河形成对甘蒙柽柳居群分布、遗传结构的影响。方法: 利用叶绿体基因trnQ-rps16片段和核基因片段ITS序列信息,通过PCR扩增、测序,对分布于我国黄河流域的甘蒙柽柳17个居群共266个个体的序列进行分析,研究其遗传多样性、遗传结构及种群历史动态。结果: 在甘蒙柽柳居群中,共检测得到4个叶绿体单倍型(207个个体)和32个核基因单倍型(232个个体)。该物种的叶绿体基因遗传多样性较低(HT=0.13),但其核基因的遗传多样性较高(HT=0.82)。甘蒙柽柳居群的遗传变异主要发生在居群内,叶绿体基因(cpDNA)和核基因(nDNA)的遗传分化系数NST(cpDNA:0.15;nDNA:0.22)和GST(cpDNA:0.19;nDNA:0.24)均不显著(P>0.05),且NST小于GST,表明该物种无明显的谱系地理结构。中性检验结果Tajima's D和Fu's Fs均为负值,且失配分析表明期望扩张群体的分布曲线与实际观测到的分布曲线基本吻合,期望分布曲线呈单峰,表明甘蒙柽柳居群经历过快速扩张,这可能与黄河的贯通形成有关。单倍型分布及网络结构分析结果表明,叶绿体单倍型H1、核基因单倍型R1频率最高,位于网络结构图中心位置,且分布最为广泛,可能为古老单倍型。叶绿体基因的结果: 显示,甘肃省永靖县、积石山县的甘蒙柽柳单倍型种类、多态性及核苷酸多样性显著高于其他地区,且具有特有单倍型(H2、H4),推测其在永靖县、积石山县附近最为古老,以此为起源中心,分别向上游(青海省)和中下游迁移,奠基者效应造成新建居群的遗传多样较低。结论: 本研究揭示了我国黄河流域主要甘蒙柽柳居群的遗传结构及其历史迁移动态。甘蒙柽柳的叶绿体基因遗传多样性水平较低,核基因的遗传多样性较高,遗传变异主要发生在居群内,无明显的谱系地理结构。该物种经历过快速扩张,其起源中心可能为甘肃省积石山县、永靖县附近,随着黄河的形成分别向黄河上游和中下游迁移,推测黄河的形成贯通是导致甘蒙柽柳居群迁移扩散的重要因素。
中图分类号:
温月仙, 甘红豪, 史胜青, 江泽平, 吴利禄, 褚建民. 基于叶绿体和核基因片段序列的甘蒙柽柳谱系地理研究[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(1): 55-64.
Yuexian Wen, Honghao Gan, Shengqing Shi, Zeping Jiang, Lilu Wu, Jianmin Chu. Phylogeography of Tamarix austromongolica Based on the Sequences of Chloroplast and Nuclear Gene Fragments[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(1): 55-64.
表1
甘蒙柽柳采样信息"
居群代码 Population code | 采样地 Sampling location | 样品数量 Number of samples | 经度 Longitude(E) | 纬度 Latitude(N) | 海拔 Altitude/m |
TD | 青海同德县Tongde county, Qinghai | 20 | 100°15′ | 35°19′ | 2 710 |
JS | 甘肃积石山县Jishishan county, Gansu | 20 | 102°54′ | 35°51′ | 1 875 |
TJ | 甘肃永靖县太极镇Taiji town, Yongjing county, Gansu | 20 | 103°14′ | 35°57′ | 1 614 |
LY | 甘肃永靖县兰永公路 Lanyong highway, Yongjing county, Gansu | 20 | 103°14′ | 36°17′ | 1 612 |
LZ | 甘肃兰州市Lanzhou city, Gansu | 10 | 103°46′ | 36°05′ | 1 525 |
YN | 宁夏永宁县Yongning county, Ningxia | 13 | 106°20′ | 38°18′ | 1 100 |
YCS | 宁夏银川市Yinchuan city, Ningxia | 8 | 106°23′ | 38°23′ | 1 101 |
YCX | 宁夏盐池县Yanchi county, Ningxia | 25 | 107°19′ | 37°09′ | 1 345 |
DK | 内蒙古磴口县Dengkou county, Inner Mongolia | 10 | 106°57′ | 40°19′ | 1 050 |
DB | 陕西定边县Dingbian county, Shaanxi | 25 | 108°05′ | 37°34′ | 1 367 |
JB | 陕西靖边县Jinbian county, Shaanxi | 15 | 108°44′ | 37°36′ | 1 325 |
DT | 山西大同市Datong city, Shanxi | 10 | 113°10′ | 39°56′ | 1 030 |
YJ | 山西永济市Yongji city, Shanxi | 10 | 110°28′ | 34°55′ | 350 |
JY | 河南济源市Jiyuan city, Henan | 15 | 112°29′ | 34°56′ | 146 |
BZ | 山东滨州市Binzhou city, Shandong | 10 | 117°58′ | 37°22′ | 9 |
DY | 山东东营市Dongying city, Shandong | 25 | 118°40′ | 37°25′ | 3 |
CY | 山东昌邑市Changyi city, Shandong | 10 | 119°22′ | 37°04′ | 11 |
表2
引物基本信息"
引物名称 Fragments | 碱基序列 Base sequences(5′—3′) | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 文献 Reference |
trnQ-rps16 | F GCGTGGCCAAGYGGTAAGGC R GTTGCTTTYTACCACATCGTTT | 58 | |
trnK | F GGGTGCCCGGGACTCGAAC R CAACGGTAGAGTACTCGGCTTTT | 55 | |
trnH-trnK | F ACGGGAATTGAACCCGCGCA R CCGACTAGTTCCGGGTTCGA | 60 | |
ITS | F AGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTTTCCGTA R TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC | 58 |
表3
甘蒙柽柳居群内单倍型分布及多态性①"
居群代码 Population code | cpDNA | nDNA | |||||||||
n | 单倍型(样本数量) Haplotype (number) | H | Hd | π (×10-3) | n | 单倍型(样本数量) Haplotype (number) | H | Hd | π (×10-3) | ||
TD | 20 | H1(20) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19 | R1(17), R5(4), R10(3), R11(4), R12(10) | 5 | 0.721 | 1.53 | |
JS | 14 | H1(9), H2 (5) | 2 | 0.495 | 0.84 | 18 | R1(34), R5(2) | 2 | 0.108 | 0.18 | |
TJ | 11 | H1(7), H4(4) | 2 | 0.509 | 0.86 | 16 | R1(22), R3(2), R5(2), R20(1), R21(3), R30(2) | 6 | 0.522 | 1.41 | |
LY | 16 | H1(14), H2(1), H4(1) | 3 | 0.242 | 0.64 | 17 | R1(22), R3(2), R5(2), R19(3), R31(4), R32(1) | 6 | 0.569 | 4.45 | |
LZ | 9 | H1(9) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | R1(8), R2(6), R13(2), R14(2) | 4 | 0.706 | 2.22 | |
YN | 13 | H1(13) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | R1(18), R5(3), R19(1), R26(1), R27(1), R28(1), R29(1) | 7 | 0.520 | 1.64 | |
YCS | 7 | H1(7) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | R1(5), R19(1), R20(1), R21(4), R25(1) | 5 | 0.758 | 2.60 | |
YCX | 22 | H1(22) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | R1(17), R3(28), R5(3), R14(2) | 4 | 0.577 | 2.33 | |
DK | 10 | H1(10) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | R1(10), R15(2), R16(2), R17(2), R18(2), R19(2) | 6 | 0.736 | 3.54 | |
DB | 21 | H1(21) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | R1(37), R3(3), R4(1), R5(5), R18(1), R22(2), R24(1) | 7 | 0.445 | 1.21 | |
JB | 14 | H1(14) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | R1(7), R3(7), R5(2), R9(1), R22(12), R23(1) | 6 | 0.749 | 3.09 | |
DT | 9 | H1(9) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | R1(4), R3(8), R4(4), R20(1), R21(1) | 5 | 0.739 | 2.15 | |
YJ | 9 | H1(9) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | R1(2), R4(14) | 2 | 0.233 | 0.38 | |
JY | 11 | H1(11) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | R2(6), R3(2), R4(4) | 3 | 0.667 | 2.28 | |
BZ | 3 | H1(3) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | R2(2), R5(2), R8(1), R9(1) | 4 | 0.867 | 3.16 | |
DY | 13 | H1(13) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 23 | R1(6), R2(8), R3(6), R4(8), R5(12), R6(2), R7(2), R8(2) | 5 | 0.850 | 2.59 | |
CY | 6 | H1(5), H3(1) | 2 | 0.333 | 1.13 | 10 | R1(2), R2(2), R4(8), R5(7), R7(1) | 5 | 0.732 | 2.07 | |
总计Total | 207 | 4 | 0.120 | 0.21 | 232 | 32 | 0.760 | 2.59 |
表4
甘蒙柽柳种群的分子方差分析"
变异来源 | 自由度 | 方差总和 | 方差分量 | 方差分量百分比 |
Source of variation | df | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variance (%) |
cpDNA | ||||
群体间Among populations | 15 | 2.845 | 0.011 53 | 16.53 |
群体内Within populations | 190 | 10.135 | 0.053 34 | 76.42 |
总体Total | 205 | 12.980 | 0.064 87 | |
nDNA | ||||
群体间Among populations | 15 | 66.529 | 0.142 28 | 16.92 |
群体内Within populations | 447 | 284.469 | 0.636 40 | 75.68 |
总体Total | 462 | 350.998 | 0.778 68 |
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