大巴山区核桃实生居群的坚果表型和遗传多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160513

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 大巴山区因其地理和气候原因是我国生物多样性也是核桃资源分布最为重要的地区之一。近年来,由于经济利益驱使,种质资源破坏十分严重。本研究针对该区域核桃实生居群现状开展研究,以期探明其种质多样性特点及居群遗传结构,为科学有效利用和保护提供依据。[方法] 选取该区域12个实生居群386个实生单株为试材,单株为1个样本,分别对每个样本坚果(每样本选30个均匀坚果)12个表型性状变异和坚果播种苗(每个样本选1株播种苗)16个等位基因位点遗传多样性进行分析。[结果] 1)大巴山区核桃实生居群坚果表型性状变异系数介于26.75%~34.36%之间,平均为30.60%,小果型(单果质量小于6 g)资源占有一定比例; 居群遗传性状Shannon指数介于1.112~1.546,平均为1.324; 平均期望杂合度介于0.612~0.718,平均为0.688。说明该区域核桃坚果表型和遗传多样性均比较丰富。2)居群间的坚果表型分化和遗传分化系数分别为0.081 5和 0.063 2,说明居群内变异是该区域核桃坚果表型和遗传变异的主要来源。3)聚类分析结果表明该区域核桃坚果表型性状Manhattan距离和遗传相似系数均表现出与地理距离显著正相关的趋势。[结论] 大巴山区核桃在长期的实生繁殖和多样的立地环境中形成了丰富的坚果表型和遗传变异,是我国重要的核桃资源多样性分布区域。研究结果对该区域的实生选种和资源保护策略的制定具有重要的参考意义。

关键词: 核桃, 居群, 表型性状, 遗传性状, 多样性

Abstract:

[Objective] Daba mountains is one of the most abundant areas of biodiversity and walnut (Juglans regia) resources because of its unique geography and climate. In recent years, walnut resources lose dramatically in this area due to human intervention. In view of the serious situation, investigations were carried out on the nut phenotypic diversity and genetic diversity of walnut populations originated from seedlings in Daba mountains to know its nut phenotypic variation, germplasm characteristics and genetic structure. [Method] Variation of 12 nut phenotypic traits (30 representative nuts per sample) and 16 gene loci (1 seedling per sample and 16 SSR primers were used) of 386 samples from 12 seedling populations in Daba mountains were analyzed. [Result] 1) The variation coefficient of nut phenotypic traits of 12 seedling populations in Daba mountains was between 26.75%-34.36%, with an average of 30.60%. And the germplasm resource of small nut (less than 6 g) accounted for a certain proportion. The Shannon index of the populations was between 1.112-1.546, with an average of 1.324, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.612 to 0.718, with an average of 0.688, suggesting abundant variations in nut phenotypic and genetic diversity in this area. 2) The phenotypic and genetic differentiation among populations in this area was small, with differentiation coefficients of 8.15% and 6.32% respectively. 3) Cluster analysis showed that the Manhattan distance of nut phenotypic traits and the genetic similarity coefficient were positively related to the geographic distance. [Conclusion] There were large nut phenotypic diversity and genetic diversity in walnut trees in Daba mountains because of long-term regenerations from seedlings and adaptation to diverse site conditions. The Daba mountains is an important area of genetic diversity of walnuts in China. This study would provide an important basis for the walnut breeding and conservation in the region.

Key words: Juglans regia, populations, phenotype traits, genetic traits, diversity

中图分类号:

S718.46

徐永杰, 韩华柏, 王滑, 陈凌娜, 马庆国, 裴东. 大巴山区核桃实生居群的坚果表型和遗传多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(5): 111-119.

Xu Yongjie, Han Huabai, Wang Hua, Chen Lingna, Ma Qingguo, Pei Dong. Phenotypic and Genetic Diversities of Nuts of Walnut(Juglans regia) Populations Originated from Seedlings in Daba Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(5): 111-119.

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