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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 124-132.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160915

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

落叶松-人参复合系统的植物多样性和碳储量特征

刘伟玮1,2, 刘某承1, 李文华1, 曾凡顺3, 曲艺3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院大学 北京 100049;
    3. 辽宁省林业科学研究院 沈阳 110032
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-26 修回日期:2016-07-29 出版日期:2016-09-25 发布日期:2016-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘某承
  • 基金资助:
    林业软科学研究(2014-R05);中国工程院咨询项目(2013-XZ-22)。

Characteristics of Plant Diversity and Carbon Stock under the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng Agroforestry System

Liu Weiwei1,2, Liu Moucheng1, Li Wenhua1, Zeng Fanshun3, Qu Yi3   

  1. 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049;
    3. Liaoning Academy of Forestry Shenyang 110032
  • Received:2015-06-26 Revised:2016-07-29 Online:2016-09-25 Published:2016-10-20

摘要: [目的] 本研究选取落叶松-人参复合系统,并与落叶松人工林及天然次生林进行比较,定量分析林下种植人参对生物多样性和碳汇功能这2种重要生态系统服务功能的影响。[方法] 以落叶松-人参复合系统为对象,选择与其立地特征相似的落叶松人工林和天然次生林2种林分作为对照,通过样地调查、采样和试验,对比分析3种林分类型的乔木和草本植物多样性,并对不同林分类型中的乔木、林下灌草、枯落物和木质物残体以及0~30 cm土壤的碳储量进行分析。[结果] 落叶松-人参复合系统下,人参重要值达到0.33,具有明显优势;对于Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(R)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)3种植物多样性指数,乔木物种均表现为天然次生林 > 落叶松-人参复合系统 > 落叶松人工林,草本物种均表现为天然次生林 > 落叶松人工林 > 落叶松-人参复合系统;落叶松-人参复合系统草本植物的S,H'和R'值分别为16,1.91和1.83,均低于落叶松人工林下草本植物的17,2.1和2.04,但差异并不显著;而落叶松-人参复合系统的E值为0.87,显著低于落叶松人工林系统的0.91;对于不同林分类型的碳储量而言,32 年生的落叶松近熟人工林平均碳储量为192.81 t·hm-2,略高于天然次生林碳储量(188.85 t·hm-2),2者均显著高于落叶松-人参复合系统(155.56 t·hm-2);3种林分类型不同层次碳储量均表现为土壤层 > 乔木层 > 枯落物和木质物残体层 > 林下灌草层,且土壤层和乔木层碳储量之和均占到总碳储量的90%以上,此外,落叶松-人参复合系统的4个层次碳储量均显著低于落叶松人工林系统;对于不同林分类型,在0~30 cm土层随土壤深度增加,土壤碳储量逐渐降低。[结论] 落叶松-人参复合经营对乔木植物多样性没有显著影响,但对草本植物多样性影响较大,同时其还会显著降低森林碳储量。因此,今后林参复合经营应注重深入研究,合理规划,正确引导,兼顾经济和生态效益,从而保障森林资源的可持续利用和林参复合经营的可持续发展。

关键词: 落叶松-人参复合系统, 落叶松人工林, 天然次生林, 植物多样性, 碳储量, 辽东地区

Abstract: [Objective] Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system has significant economic benefits, and is one of the typical management models in the eastern part of Liaoning Province. However, there was no study on the influence of this model on forest ecosystem services. The paper compares the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system with Larix spp. plantation and natural secondary forest, and aims to illuminate the influence of this model on plant diversity and carbon stock which are significant to the global. [Method] Through field investigation, sampling, experimental and statistical analysis, a comparative analysis was carried out on trees and herbaceous plant diversity, and carbon stock of trees, understory, litter and dead woody debris (DWD), and 0-30 cm soil layer for the three stand types whose stand characteristics are similar. [Result] In the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system, ginseng has an obvious advantage whose importance value was 0.33. For tree species, the Margalef index(R), the Shannon index(H')and Pielou's equitability index(E) decreased in the order of NS, LG, and LP. For herbaceous species, H', E, and R decreased in the order of NS, LP, and LG. In addition, the S, H' and R in the Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system were respectively 16, 1.91, and 1.83, which all lower than the Larix spp. plantation whose S, H', and R were respectively 17, 2.1, and 2.04, and the difference was not significant. However, the E was significantly lower than the Larix spp. plantation. For carbon stock, the 32 years old Larix spp. plantation was 192.81 t·hm-2, which was slightly higher than that of the natural secondary forest, and they were both significantly higher than Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry which was 155.56 t·hm-2. In addition, the carbon stock of trees and soil accounted for more than 90% of the total carbon stock. For the carbon stock in the different layers, from high to low were separately soil, arbor, litter and DWD, understory; for different stand types, soil carbon stock all decreased along the depth within 0-30 cm, furthermore, the soil carbon stock of the natural secondary forest was 109.41 t·hm-2, which was slightly higher than that of Larix spp. plantation, whose soil carbon stock was 102.92 t·hm-2, and both of them were significantly higher than the soil carbon stock of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry. [Conclusion] Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system has no obvious influence on arbor diversity, but it has an obvious influence on herbaceous diversity. And it leads to a significant decrease of carbon stock compared to the other two stand types. Therefore, we should pay attention to the in-depth study, scientific development, rational planning, correct guidance and the combination of economic and ecological benefits of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry in the future. Only in this way, can we ensure the sustainable utilization of forest resources and the sustainable development of Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system.

Key words: Larix spp.-Panax ginseng agroforestry system, Larix spp. plantation, natural secondary forest, plant diversity, carbon stock, eastern Liaoning Province

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