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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 93-100.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160611

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工与自然植被恢复下尾矿土壤微生物及酶活性的时空变化

马云波1, 牛聪傑2, 许中旗1   

  1. 1. 河北农业大学林学院 河北省林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室 保定 071000;
    2. 中国人民解放军第68216部队 青铜峡 751601
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-14 修回日期:2015-05-19 出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2016-07-04
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业公益行业科研专项(20100400205)。

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Microbes and Enzyme Activities in Iron Tailings under Natural Restoration and Plantation

Ma Yunbo1, Niu Congjie2, Xu Zhongqi1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources of Forest and Forest Protection of Hebei Province College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071000;
    2. No. 68216 Unit of PLA Qingtongxia 751601
  • Received:2014-10-14 Revised:2015-05-19 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-07-04
  • Contact: 许中旗

摘要: [目的] 研究不同植被恢复模式下铁尾矿地土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的时空变化,为铁尾矿废弃地的生态治理提供科学依据。[方法] 基于随机取样和跟踪观测方法,以自然恢复及人工造林2种不同植被恢复模式下的唐山迁安铁尾矿废弃地的土壤生物学性质为研究对象,检测与分析不同植被恢复年限铁尾矿土壤中微生物的数量与土壤酶活性。[结果] 土壤微生物数量随植被恢复年限增加而增长;空间分布上,土壤中主要微生物数量随尾矿土壤深度加大而降低;在土壤微生物总数量中,以细菌数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌数量最少;人工林地土壤的细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量均明显高于自然恢复地,且增长速度也较快;与自然恢复地相比,在恢复11年后,人工林地0~20 cm土层的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别高出14.25%,80.56%,75.19%,20~40 cm土层分别高出22.78%,125.80%,0.51%;40~60 cm土层分别高出8.41%,145.45%,55.70%。土壤酶活性随恢复年限增大而增加;在空间分布上,土壤酶活性随土壤深度加深而逐渐降低;土壤酶活性表现为人工林地>自然恢复地;与自然恢复模式相比,在恢复11年后,人工林地0~20 cm土层中土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性分别高出26.39%,51.11%,51.68%,49.60%;20~40 cm土层分别高出23.69%,5.13%,19.83%,46.20%;40~60 cm土层分别高出4.26%,3.45%,1.38%,134.60%。[结论] 在尾矿地进行植被恢复可改良土壤生物学特性,自然恢复和人工造林均能增加土壤微生物数量、提高土壤酶活性、改善土壤生物学性质,但人工造林模式的改良效果优于自然恢复模式。

关键词: 土壤生物性质, 土壤微生物, 酶活性, 铁尾矿, 恢复模式

Abstract: [Objective] In China, there are many iron tailings abandoned nowadays, their ecological restoration has always been the focus of attention. It is well known that the number of soil microbe and the soil enzymes activities are the important indicators of soil biological properties, and also to a certain extent affect the soil fertility. Study on the soil microbial number and soil enzyme activities in iron tailings under different vegetation restoration models can provide scientific basis for the ecological restoration of iron tailings wastelands. [Method] In this study, the soil biological properties of iron tailings under natural restoration and plantation in Qian'an city were targeted, and based on random samples and tracking observations, the soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activities of different restoration chronosequences in iron tailings were detected and analyzed.[Result] The quantity of soil microbe was increased with the vegetation restoration years, and for the spatial distribution the quantity was decreased with the depth of soil. Of their total quantity, the number of bacteria was the most, followed by actinomyces, and the number of fungi was the least. Plantation had more soil microbial quantity and a higher growth rate than the naturally restored vegetation. After 11 years of restoration, compared with natural restoration, the quantity of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in 0-20 cm layer of the plantation increased by 14.25%, 80.56% and 75.19%; the quantity of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in 20-40 cm layer of the plantation increased by 22.78%, 125.80% and 0.51%; and the quantity of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in 40-60 cm layer of the plantation increased by 8.41%, 145.45% and 55.70%. The soil enzyme activities also increased with the increase of the restoration year, and decreased with increasing soil depth. The soil enzyme activities in plantation were higher than that in natural restoration. After 11 years, compared with natural restoration, the activities of soil catalase, soil invertase, soil urease and soil phosphatase in 0-20 cm layer of the plantation increased by 26.39%, 51.11%, 51.68% and 49.60%; the activities of soil catalase, soil invertase, soil urease and soil phosphatase in 20-40 cm layer of the plantation increased by 23.69%, 5.13%, 19.83% and 46.20%; and the activities of soil catalase, soil invertase, soil urease and soil phosphatase in 40-60 cm layer of the plantation increased by 4.26%, 3.45%, 1.38% and 134.60%.[Conclusion] Vegetation recovery in iron tailings wastelands could improve soil biological properties. Both the natural restoration and plantation could improve the quantity of soil microbial and the activities of soil enzyme in iron tailings, and the improvement effect of plantation was better than the natural restoration.

Key words: soil biological properties, soil microbe, enzyme activity, iron tailings, restoration pattern

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