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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 108-116.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150513

• 问题讨论 • 上一篇    下一篇

三维扫描技术在获取杨树树冠结构特征参数上的应用

王宁宁1,2, 尹文广3, 黄秦军4, 丁昌俊4, 杨志岩5, 苏晓华4, 沈应柏1,2   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院 北京 100083;
    2. 北京林业大学林木育种国家工程实验室 北京 100083;
    3. 北京浩宇天地测绘科技发展有限公司 北京 100039;
    4. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室 北京 100091;
    5. 辽宁省杨树研究所 盖州 115200
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-24 修回日期:2015-01-20 出版日期:2015-05-25 发布日期:2015-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 沈应柏
  • 基金资助:

    国家"十二五"科技支撑计划:超高产优质杨树速生材新品种选育(2012BAD01B03)。

Application of 3D Scanner Technology to Analysis the Crown Architecture Parameters of Poplar Plantations

Wang Ningning1,2, Yin Wenguang3, Huang Qinjun4, Ding Changjun4, Yang Zhiyan5, Su Xiaohua4, Shen Yingbai1,2   

  1. 1. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    2. National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    3. Beijing Haoyu World Surveying and Mapping Developing, Limited Beijing 100039;
    4. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forestry, CAF Beijing 100091;
    5. Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar Gaizhou 115200
  • Received:2014-09-24 Revised:2015-01-20 Online:2015-05-25 Published:2015-06-11

摘要:

【目的】树冠结构影响光能截获能力从而直接影响生物量的积累。杨树冠形特征参数的研究能够为杨树优良品种的选育提供有力的选择依据,但是因为杨树的树型高达,树冠结构复杂,树冠结构特征参数难以直接观测。【方法】建立了利用三维扫描技术获取树冠结构特征参数的方法,并测量了高密度(2 m×3 m)人工林中6年生杨树03-04-171的冠形特征参数,包括不同生长单元早发枝和同期枝一级枝的枝长、分枝角度、方位角、枝条曲率及弯曲度。对直接测量(砍伐)与三维扫描方法测量的胸径、树高进行回归分析,检测三维扫描测量的精度。【结果】回归分析结果表明:胸径的回归系数分别为R2=0.967 72,显著值为P =8.26×10-13,树高回归系数为R2=0.965 27,显著值为P =1.440 29×10-12。结果说明三维扫描方法具有较高的测量精度,可以应用于树冠结构特征的测量。扫描参数结果显示,树冠上每一个生长单元的上部枝条长度较长,分枝角度较小,曲率较大,数量少,为早发枝; 中下部枝条数量多,短而平直,为同期枝,这与已有的研究结果一致。【结论】三维扫描技术可以应用于树冠结构特征的研究。

关键词: 三维激光扫描, 杨树, 树冠结构, 枝长, 分枝角度, 方位角

Abstract:

【Objectives】 Crown architecture is one of important determinants of productivity and yield of plantations since it comprises branches and leaves orientation and distribution, thereby affecting canopy density, light interception and carbon assimilation. Identifying and quantifying the underlying factors contributing to crown architecture are therefore important for a better understanding and optimization of stand productivity. However, the measurement of crown architecture of a tree is difficulty and consuming. 【Method】 To make the crown architecture measurement work easier, more precision and less consuming, a new method of obtaining architecture character parameters with 3D laser scanner was studied. To analyze precision of the method, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of poplar 03-04-171 ((Populus deltoides cl.‘55/65’× P. deltoides cl.‘2KEN8’) ×(P.nigra‘Brummen’× P. nigra ‘Piccarolo’)) in a 6-year-old forest planted in a stand density of 2 m×3 m were measured with direct (harvest) and scanner method. The crown architecture parameters (the primary branch length, branch angle, azimuth, branch curvature and ratio of branch bow to string of proletpic branch and sylleptic branch) were measured to analyze the feasibility of the new method. Regression analysis was used to compare the method of direct measurement (harvest) and indirect (3D laser scanner) measurement of the crown architecture parameters. 【Result】 The results showed that the 3D laser scanner had a high precision(DBH: R2=0.967 72,P =8.26×10-13; Height: R2=0.965 27,P =1.440 29×10-12) in measuring the crown architecture parameters and could be used in crown architecture measurements. The scanned results showed that the primer branch length, branch angle and branch azimuth had a similar rhyme in each growth unit (the aboveground part that the temperate trees growth in one year) of the trunk, and the six-years-old tree had five growth unit. The branch was short in the bottom of the growth unit and longer in upper side of each growth unit. The branch angle in the lower and middle side of growth unit was larger than that in the upper side. The azimuth was larger in the middle part of growth unit, however smaller in lower and upper site of the growth unit. The proleptic branch distributed in upper side of each growth unit while the sylleptic branch distributed in middle and lower side. Proleptic branches accounted for 1/3 of the total number of crown branches. In conclusion, in each growth unit of stem, branches in the top of growth unit (proleptic branch) were longer and upstanding, while the branches in the middle of growth unit (sylleptic branch) were relatively short and had a large branch angle. The branches in the top of crown were short and erect, the branches in the middle crown had a larger angle in origin, and the lower branches had a lager azimuth. The ratio of bow and string branches was steady in all branches of the crown. 【Condusion】 The obtained results through 3D laser scanner were consistent with other measured results, suggesting that the 3D laser scanner method could be used in measuring and analyzing crown structure.

Key words: 3D laser scanner, Populous, crown architecture, branch length, branch angle, branch azimuth

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