凋落物对迷人杜鹃幼苗更新和种子萌发的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150309

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】"百里杜鹃"是全国唯一以保护杜鹃花科杜鹃属植物为对象的自然保护区,迷人杜鹃是保护区内重要的保护树种。本文采用野外调查和室内控制相结合,阐明凋落物,迷人杜鹃幼苗更新和种子萌发的影响。【方法】野外踏查百里杜鹃林迷人杜鹃群落不同厚度凋落物下幼苗更新情况; 采用人工模拟用凋落物厚度和播种位置的试验,探讨凋落物对迷人杜鹃种子萌发和幼苗生长的物理影响; 以迷人杜鹃为主的凋落物水浸提液的乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相溶液浇灌进行迷人杜鹃种子萌发试验,并对三相溶液进行GC-MS检测,探讨凋落物对迷人杜鹃种子萌发影响的生物化学原因。【结果】自然条件下,过厚的凋落物影响迷人杜鹃幼苗更新,凋落物厚度<4 cm处, 幼苗数量最多, 随着凋落物厚度的增加,幼苗数量逐渐减少。盆播试验发现,对照的种子萌发率最高; 凋落物上方播种的种子萌发速率和幼苗发生率低于下方播种; 随着凋落物厚度的增加,下方播种种子萌发率和幼苗发生率逐渐降低; 3种有机相浸提液浇灌种子,均随着浓度的升高种子萌发率降低,尤以乙醚相溶液对种子发芽率和幼苗生长的抑制作用最为显著, 在浓度为12 mg·mL^-1时,发芽率降低82.98%,苗高降幅为68.75%,且胚根停止生长。因此认为,凋落物具有物理阻碍作用和化感作用,其物理原因:一是过厚的凋落物层的机械障碍导致萌发幼苗难于扎根或生长;二是凋落物层加厚,导致种子萌发所需的光照发生变化,从而影响种子萌发。其化学原因是凋落物水浸提液中存在丰富的化感物质抑制了种子萌发和成苗,其中乙醚萃取相含29种,乙酸乙酯相含有16种,正丁醇相含有4种。【结论】在杜鹃林抚育管理中应合理地清理林下凋落物,以促进迷人杜鹃幼苗的天然更新。

关键词: 迷人杜鹃, 凋落物厚度, 种子萌发, 物理阻碍, 化感作用

Abstract:

【Objective】 The "One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest" is the largest Rhododendron forest in China so far. Rhododendron agastum is an important protected species in the natural reserve "One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest" in Guizhou province, and has important ecological, scientific and cultural value. 【Method】 In field investigations in a forest of Rh. agastum, we found that there were a 1ot of litter but rare seedlings in the forest. Aiming at this problem, the effects of litter coverage on seedling regeneration of Rh. agastum communities were investigated in the One Hundred Mile Azalea Forest. The physical effects of litter coverage on seed germination and seedling growth were investigated in artificial simulation experiments in which different seed-sowing positions and different thicknesses of litter were applied. The biochemical effect of litter on seed germination was investigated by irrigating Rh. agastum seeds with litter leachates that were prepared by extraction of litter with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, or n-butanol. 【Result】 Our results indicated that a thick litter layer suppressed seedling regeneration under natural conditions. The maximum seedling number was observed for litter less than 4 cm thick, and the number of seedlings gradually decreased with increased litter thickness. Sowing patterns and litter depth had a significant influence on the germination and seedling emergence. The seed germination rate of the control (without litter) was highest. Seeds sown on the litter surface had much lower germination rate or failed to germination. With the increase of litter thickness, the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate decreased. No matter which kind of extract processing of three kinds of leachates, high concentrations inhibited seed germination, most notably for the diethyl ether fraction at the concentration of 12 mg·mL^-1. In this concentration, the germination rate and seedling height of Rh. agastum were decreased by 83.0% and 68.8%, respectively, with the embryo root growth completely stopped. These present results suggested that litter would have a physical and allelopathy effect. The litter appeared to act as a physical obstacle that prevented seedlings from rooting, and also impeded their growth. Furthermore, the litter led to low-light conditions that suppressed seed germination. Allelochemicals present in the litter also inhibited seed germination and seedling formation, which was evidenced by the fact that the litter extractions by using diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol contained 29, 16, and 4 allelochemicals, respectively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 【Conclusion】 Thus, in Rhododendron forest tending management, reasonably cleaning up litters could promote the natural regeneration of Rh. agastum seedlings.

Key words: Rhododendron agastum, thickness, germination, physical obstacles, allelopathy

中图分类号:

S718.43

周艳, 陈训, 韦小丽, 伍庆, 李朝婵. 凋落物对迷人杜鹃幼苗更新和种子萌发的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(3): 65-74.

Zhou Yan, Chen Xun, Wei Xiaoli, Wu Qing, Li Chaochan. Effects of Litter on the Seedling Regeneration and Seed Germination of Rhododendron agastum[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(3): 65-74.

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