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林业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 30-35.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20100705

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏色季拉山东坡急尖长苞冷杉林的结实特性

罗大庆1,王军辉2,任毅华1,朱登强2   

  1. 1.西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所 林芝 860000;2.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2009-02-17 修回日期:2009-10-12 出版日期:2010-07-25 发布日期:2010-07-25

Fruiting Characteristics of Abies georgeivar. smithiiForest on the Eastern Slope of the Sejila Mountain in Tibet

Luo Daqing1;Wang Junhui2;Ren Yihua1;Zhu Dengqiang2   

  1. 1.Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College Nyingchi 860000; 2. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091
  • Received:2009-02-17 Revised:2009-10-12 Online:2010-07-25 Published:2010-07-25

摘要:

通过野外观察和样地调查,分析和比较藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林的结实状况、球果和种子的基本性状在不同海拔间及其与冷杉属其他树种的差异。结果表明:急尖长苞冷杉的结实属于有明显间隔周期的类型,天然林通常3年为1个结实丰年轮回期。不同海拔间结实母树的比例和数量差异较大,结实母树比例在25%~80%之间,平均为45%; 结实母树数量128~483株·hm-2,平均为230株·hm-2; 单株结实球果数量24~366个,平均为157个。林分及树冠空间结实特点为: 林冠层树木结实,下层和林内母树不结实; 单株树冠上层结实,下层不结实; 树冠南面结实较多。与冷杉属其他树种相比,急尖长苞冷杉的球果长度略短,宽度居中; 种子长度、宽度和厚度均小,单果种子数量较高。不同海拔间的比较表明,急尖长苞冷杉林垂直分布的中、低海拔球果和种子发育程度较高,反映在球果和种子较大,千粒质量、出种量以及饱满度均优于高海拔。

关键词: 急尖长苞冷杉, 藏东南, 色季拉山, 海拔梯度, 球果, 种子特征

Abstract:

On the basis of field observation and sample plot survey, the fruiting status and basic properties of cones and seeds at different elevations of the Abies georgeivar. smithiiforest on the eastern slope of Sejila Mountain in Tibet were described, and the differences were compared with other species of Abies. The results indicated that the fruiting of Abies georgeivar. smithiihad a obvious interval period, and recurrent period of an abundant year in the natural forest was usually three years. Among different elevations, the proportions and numbers of the fruiting seed trees had big variation. The proportion of the fruiting seed trees was between 25%-80% and its average was 45%. The number of the fruiting seed trees was between 128-483 tree·hm-2 and the average was 230 tree·hm-2. The number of individual fruiting cones was between 24-366 and its average was 157.The fruiting characteristics of Abies georgeivar. smithiistand and the canopy were as follows: Trees in canopy layer and upper canopy fruited; the south side of canopy layer set relatively more fruits. By the comparison with other species of Abies, the cone length of Abies georgei var. smithiiwas shorter and its width was in the medium. The seed length, width and thickness of Abies georgeivar. smithiiwere smaller and seed number of individual fruit was higher. The result of multiple comparisons at different elevations showed that the development degree of cones and seeds was relatively higher at middle and low elevations, and the cones and seeds were bigger and the 1 000-grain weight, seed output and seed plumpness were better than that of higher elevation.

Key words: Abies georgeivar. smithii, southeast of Tibet, Sejila Mountain, elevation gradient, cones, seeds characteristics