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林业科学 ›› 2005, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 13-19.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20050403

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

茂兰喀斯特森林干扰状况与林隙特征

龙翠玲1,2 余世孝1 魏鲁明3 熊志斌3   

  1. 1.中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275;2.贵州师范大学资源与环境科学系贵阳550001;贵州省茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局,荔波558400
  • 收稿日期:2003-10-27 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-07-25 发布日期:2005-07-25

Disturbance Regimes and the Characteristics of Gaps in Maolan Karst Forest, Guizhou Province

Long Cuiling1,2,Yu Shixiao1,Wei Luming3,Xiong Zhibin3   

  1. 1.School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275; 2.Department of Resources and Environment Science,Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001; 3.Management Department of Maolan Nature Reserve Libo 558400
  • Received:2003-10-27 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2005-07-25 Published:2005-07-25

摘要:

调查茂兰喀斯特森林林隙干扰特征,并对林隙特征、林隙的形成方式进行探讨。结果表明:1)林隙大小分布表现出以小林隙为主的偏正态分布,但在总林隙面积比例上,大林隙所占的比例较大;2)林隙大多数在20年前形成,估计林隙形成速率为0.55个·hm-2a-1,返回间隔期为270年;3)林隙密度约为20个·hm-2,林隙平均面积(69.7±45.71)m2,扩展林隙平均面积(152.7±79.43)m2,林隙和扩展林隙占所调查林分面积的比例分别为13.9%和30.6%;4)林隙形成方式以折干为主,但因地形差异,槽谷、坡地、漏斗的主要形成方式分别为干中折断、拔根倒和干基折断;5)大多数林隙由1~4株形成木形成,平均每个林隙的形成木为2.5株。大部分林隙形成木为森林建群种,常绿和落叶树种分别占61.5%和38.5%。林隙形成木以小径级为主,表明本地森林林隙干扰十分频繁。

关键词: 林隙, 干扰状况, 茂兰, 喀斯特森林

Abstract:

In this paper,the disturbance regimes and the characteristics of the gaps from the Karst forest in Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province were studied. Three sampling plots with the size of 5 000 m2, representing three types of forest community in various ecological environment, were established. The gap size, disturbance frequency, forming pattern of gaps, the number and species composition of gap makers (GM) were recorded in the field. The results indicated that: 1) The size of most canopy and expanded gaps was small. The total area of the big gaps was much larger than that of small gaps, however. 2) Most of the gaps were formed 20 years ago. The rate was about 0.55 gap·hm-2a-1, with a return interval of 270 years. 3) Gap density was about 20 per hectare. The mean size of canopy gap was (69.7±45.71) m2, and the mean size of expanded gap was (152.7±79.43) m2. The canopy gaps and expanded gaps covered 13.9% and 30.6% of the forest area respectively. 4) Trunk snapping or breakage was the main pattern of gap forming but it varied with the topography. In the valley, hillside and funnel, the main pattern of gap forming was breakage on trunk, uprooted blown down and breakage at trunk base respectively. 5) Most of gaps in the forest were formed with 1 to 4 fallen trees. The average number of GM was 2.5 per gap. Most of the GM was the dominant species in the forest. The proportion of evergreen tree and deciduous tree was about 61.5% and 38.5% respectively. The distribution of GM size indicated that the gap disturbance was very frequent in the Karst forest.

Key words: gaps, disturbance regimes, Maolan, Karst forest