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林业科学 ›› 1999, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 118-123.

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板栗空苞形成机理

丁之恩   

  1. 安徽农业大学林产工业系 合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:1998-07-29 出版日期:1999-09-25 发布日期:1999-09-25

THE MECHANISM OF EMPTY-BUNDLE FORMATION IN CHINESE CHESTNUT

Zhien Ding   

  1. Department of Forest-Produce Industry, Anhui Agricultural University HeFei 230036
  • Received:1998-07-29 Online:1999-09-25 Published:1999-09-25

摘要:

本文就当前我国板栗生产中出现的低产、低出籽率、高空苞率的突出问题展开了分析和理论探讨。从影响板栗产量的因素入手,就板栗空苞的形成机理从组织胚胎、营养物质、激素水平等多角度分析讨论、归纳。结果表明,空苞形成的机理主要是:组织胚胎发育不健全,空苞发生时间主要在合子阶段和初生胚乳核;授粉受精不良,导致胚早期败育;硼素、磷素及激素平衡学说,说明了营养元素中的硼、磷对板栗空苞的形成起着至关重要的作用,并且,具有调节控制多种物质代谢和生理机能的激素及其平衡关系,对板栗空苞及性别分化有较大影响。文中还就克服和降低空苞形成提出了切实可行的对策:加强营养和树体管理、调整雌雄花比例、选配授粉树和优良品种。

关键词: 板栗, 空苞, 组织胚胎, 营养物质, 激素水平

Abstract:

This article analyses a prominent problem which there are lowyield, low-seed ratio and high empty bundle ratio in our Chinese Chestnut production and seeks for the theory why it appears in Chinese Chestnut.Chinese Chestnut(Castanea mollissima BI.) originated in China.Our output is the first position in world production and occupy one-fourth to one-third in whole world output(being 9.3×104t in 1988, whole world output was 45.6×104 t in the year). But our yield per area is lower.There are different reasons for low-yield production, among which high empty-bundle ratio is the main cause.So, the article reviews the mechanism of Chinese Chestnut Empty-Bundle result from embryo tissue, nutrients and hormone level.The results showthat the mechanism of Empty-Bundle is due to innormal embryo tissue or being unable to bear normaly or lacking B, P mineral nutrient element and hormone balance.Whiletime the article points out measures to solve Chinese Chestnut's Empty-Bundle and raise its the output, such as increasing fertilizer in soil and sprying nutrient element on leaf; removing superfluous male flowers to adjust the proportion of femate flower and male flower selecting pollenizer and fine breeds and strains.

Key words: Chinese Chestnut, Empty-Bundle, Embry o tissue, Nutrient, Hormone level