林业新质生产力对森林生态产品价值实现效率的影响机制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240562

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究林业新质生产力对森林生态产品价值实现效率的影响及作用机制，为地方政府制定相关政策提供理论依据。方法: 基于2010—2020年我国31个省（区、市）面板数据，构建多维指标体系评估林业新质生产力和森林生态产品价值实现效率，采用固定效应模型和机制检验模型等分析林业新质生产力促进森林生态产品价值实现效率的影响机制及其异质性。结果: 1）林业新质生产力每提高1个单位，森林生态产品价值实现效率将提升0.798 2个单位，其中新质劳动者和新质劳动对象的贡献显著。2）林业新质生产力通过推动产业结构高级化、促进技术创新、提高社会消费水平和加速劳动力转移等路径可有效提升森林生态产品价值实现效率。3）林业新质生产力对森林生态产品价值实现效率的促进效果在东部和中部地区尤为明显，在西部地区则呈现相反结果；在消费水平较低的地区，林业新质生产力会抑制森林生态产品价值实现效率提升，而在消费水平较高的地区则有显著促进作用。结论: 发展林业新质生产力对促进森林生态产品市场价值攀升至关重要，政策选择需结合区域和消费水平异质性特征，采取差异化措施，协同促进“绿水青山”向“金山银山”的高效转化。

关键词: 林业新质生产力, 森林生态产品, 价值实现效率水平, 机制检验

Abstract:

Objective: This study investigates the impact of new quality productivity in forestry on the efficiency of value realization for forest ecological products and its underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide a scientific basis for local governments to formulate relevant policies. Method: The panel data from 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China between 2010 and 2020 was used to construct a multidimensional indicator system for evaluating new quality productivity in forestry and the efficiency of value realization for forest ecological products. Fixed effects models and mechanism testing models were employed to analyze the impact mechanisms and heterogeneity of new quality productivity in forestry in promoting forest ecological products value realization efficiency. Result: 1) An increase of one unit in new quality productivity in forestry results in a 0.798 2 unit increase in the efficiency of value realization for forest ecological products, with significant contributions from new quality laborers and labor objects. 2) New quality productivity in forestry enhances the efficiency of value realization through pathways such as promoting industrial structure upgrades, facilitating technological innovation, increasing social consumption levels, and accelerating labor transfer. 3) New quality productivity in forestry has a pronounced promoting effect on the efficiency of value realization for forest ecological products in the eastern and central regions, while exhibiting the opposite effect in the western region. In areas with lower consumption levels, new quality productivity in forestry tends to inhibit improvements in value realization efficiency, whereas it significantly promotes efficiency in regions with higher consumption levels. Conclusion: The development of new quality productivity in forestry is crucial for promoting the market value of forest ecological products. Policy decisions should consider the heterogeneous characteristics of regions and consumption levels, employing differentiated and diversified measures to synergistically promote the efficient transformation of green mountains and clear water into gold and silver mountains.

Key words: new quality productivity in forestry, forest ecological products, level of value realization efficiency, mechanism analysis

中图分类号:

S7-9
F062.2

廖文梅,郑希贤,蒋丽雯,王智鹏,高雪萍,孔凡斌. 林业新质生产力对森林生态产品价值实现效率的影响机制[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(12): 177-191.

Wenmei Liao,Xixian Zheng,Liwen Jiang,Zhipeng Wang,Xueping Gao,Fanbin Kong. Impact Mechanism of New Quality Productivity in Forestry on the Efficiency of Forest Ecological Product Value Realization[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(12): 177-191.

图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

林业新质生产力评价指标体系①"

目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criteria layer	一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	计量方式 Measurement method	属性 Attributes
林业新质生产力水平 Level of new quality productivity in forestry	林业新质劳动者 New quality forestry workforce	劳动者技能 Workforce skills	专业素质 Professional quality	林业工作站中高级人员占比 Proportion of mid-to-senior personnel in forestry stations	+
		劳动者技能 Workforce skills	文化素质 Educational quality	林业工作站大专及以上占比 Proportion of personnel with college education or above in forestry stations	+
		劳动生产率 Labor productivity	单位面积林业产值 Forestry output per unit area	林业产值/森林面积 Forestry output per forest area	+
		劳动生产率 Labor productivity	林业系统年均工资 Annual average wage of the forestry system	职工年平均工资 Average annual wage of employees	+
	林业新质劳动对象 New quality forestry labor targets	生态环境 Ecological environment	绿色环保 Green environmental protection	森林覆盖率 Forest coverage rate 生态修复治理投资占比 Proportion of investment in ecological restoration and management	+
		生态环境 Ecological environment	灾害治理 Disaster management	森林主要灾害防治面积/发生面积 Proportion of major forest disaster management area to occurrence area	+
		新质产业 New quality industry	林业新质产业 Forestry new quality industry	林下经济产值占比 Proportion of understory economy output	+
	林业新质劳动资料 New quality forestry labor resources	物质生产资料 Material production resources	传统基础设施 Traditional infrastructure	自有业务用房林业站占比 Proportion of forestry stations with self-owned office space 有交通工具的林业站占比 Proportion of forestry stations with transportation tools	+
		物质生产资料 Material production resources	数字基础设施 Digital infrastructure	有计算机的林业站占比 Proportion of forestry stations with computers	+
		无形生产资料 Intangible means of production	技术改造与推广 Technological transformation and popularization	林业技术改造投资占比 Proportion of investment in forestry technological transformation 科技交流与推广人员占比 Proportion of personnel involved in scientific exchange and extension	+
		无形生产资料 Intangible means of production	技术改造与推广 Technological transformation and popularization		+

表2

表3

图2

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类别 Category	一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	三级指标 Tertiary index	评估方法 Methods
投入指标 Input indicators	森林生态产品价值 Value of forest ecological products	物质产品价值 Material product value	林产品 Forest product	市场价值法 Market value method
		调节服务价值 Regulating service value	涵养水源 Conservation of water sources	市场价值法、替代成本法、影子工程法 Market value method, alternative costing method, shadow engineering method
			固碳释氧 Carbon fixation and oxygen release
			空气净化 Air purification
			土壤保持 Soil conservation
		文化服务价值 Cultural service value	森林休憩 Forest rest	旅行费用法 Travel expense method
	劳动力 Labor	林业从业人数 Number of forestry practitioners
	物质资本 Material capital	林业固定资产投资完成额 Amount of forestry fixed assets investment
产出指标 Output indicators	林业产业总产值 Total output value of forestry industry	林业第一、二、三产业产值 Output value of primary, secondary, tertiary forestry industry

变量类型 Variable types	变量名称 Variable name	观测数 Observations	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
被解释变量 Dependent variable	森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of forest ecological product value realization	341	0.909 0	0.545 6	0.020 0	2.670 0
解释变量 Independent variable	林业新质生产力 New quality productivity in forestry	341	0.328 0	0.074 0	0.092 9	0.557 8
机制变量 Mechanism variable	产业结构高级化 Advanced industrial structure	341	0.319 0	1.133 7	0.010 0	13.070 0
	技术创新水平 Technological innovation capability	341	0.045 0	0.046 5	0.000 0	0.220 0
	社会消费水平 Social consumption level	341	0.391 0	0.053 8	0.220 0	0.500 0
	劳动力转移 Labor migration	341	0.658 0	0.140 7	0.320 0	0.980 0
控制变量 Control variable	经济增长水平 Level of economic growth	341	2.730 0	2.217 5	0.412 4	10.523 1
	地区开放水平 Level of regional openness	341	0.274 0	0.297 0	0.007 6	1.463 8
	社会保障水平 Level of social security	341	0.129 0	0.034 5	0.054 8	0.275 8
	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature	341	11.928 0	6.544 5	?4.022 4	25.079 0
	年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	341	2.914 0	1.486 4	0.580 4	6.341 3

变量 Variables	被解释变量：森林生态产品价值实现效率 Dependent variable: efficiency of forest ecological product value realization
变量 Variables	模型（1） Model （1）	模型（2） Model （2）	模型（3） Model （3）	模型（4） Model （4）
林业新质生产力 New quality productivity in forestry	0.798 2^** （0.396 8）
林业新质劳动者 New quality forestry workforce		0.509 7^** （0.226 0）
林业新质劳动对象 New quality forestry labor targets			0.650 0^* （0.347 8）
林业新质劳动资料 New quality forestry labor resources				0.155 7^* （0.093 7）
经济增长水平 Level of economic growth	?0.137 2^** （0.059 5）	?0.041 5^** （0.019 7）	?0.030 5 （0.022 1）	?0.035 5^* （0.019 5）
地区开放水平 Level of regional openness	0.124 9 （0.152 0）	?0.268 9 （0.187 2）	0.089 4 （0.150 9）	1.249 3^*** （0.478 0）
社会保障水平 Level of social security	0.859 8^** （0.418 1）	?0.843 1^* （0.465 0）	0.631 5 （0.400 4）	?9.673 5^*** （3.191 2）
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature	?0.097 5 （0.136 3）	0.237 2 （0.563 3）	?0.085 3 （0.538 0）	0.576 3 （0.574 8）
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	?0.497 8 （0.361 9）	?0.302 5 （0.309 9）	?0.295 4 （0.336 3）	?0.117 1 （0.090 4）
常数项 Constant	4.008 9^* （2.214 4）	?2.453 6 （1.984 5）	1.778 6^* （0.989 9）	?0.794 7 （1.361 8）
省份固定效应Province fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
年份固定效应Year fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	341	341	341	341
R²	0.148 8	0.219 4	0.136 1	0.236 0

变量 Variables	模型（1） Model （1）	模型（2） Model （2）	模型（3） Model （3）	模型（4） Model （4）	模型（5） Model （5）
林业新质生产力 New quality productivity in forestry				0.804 0^* （0.452 0）	0.768 5^* （0.391 4）
林业新质生产力 New quality productivity in forestry	0.188 0^* （0.097 2）
（L.）林业新质生产力（L.） New quality productivity in forestry		0.986 4^*** （0.360 4）
（L2.）林业新质生产力（L2.） New quality productivity in forestry			0.719 3^* （0.399 4）
常数项 Constant	?3.197 2^* （1.861 0）	?1.702 3 （1.951 7）	?4.401 4^** （2.037 2）	3.655 0 （2.537 3）	3.948 4^* （2.184 2）
控制变量Control variable	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
省份固定效应Province fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
年份固定效应Year fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	341	341	341	297	341
R²	0.219 9	0.242 8	0.157 0	0.139 9	0.148 8

变量 Variables	模型（1）: 产业结构高级化 Model （1）: advanced industrial structure	模型（2）: 技术创新水平 Model （2）: technological innovation capability	模型（3）: 社会消费水平 Model （3）: social consumption level	模型（4）: 劳动力转移 Model （4）: labor migration
林业新质生产力 New quality productivity in forestry	0.751 5^* （0.449 4）	0.227 0^* （0.128 4）	0.254 7^* （0.135 2）	0.348 6^** （0.170 3）>
常数项 Constant	?1.121 8 （4.068 2）	?0.162 1 （0.107 9）	?1.327 4^*** （0.161 9）	0.494 9^** （0.204 0）
控制变量Control variable	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
省份固定效应Province fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
年份固定效应Year fixed effects	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	341	341	341	341
R²	0.228 4	0.842 1	0.384 1	0.098 7