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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220701

• 前沿与重点: “两山”理念的林业实践 • 上一篇    下一篇

森林生态产品价值实现的理论与路径选择

窦亚权1,杨琛2,赵晓迪1,王怀毅1,李娅3,何友均1,*   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所 北京 100091
    2. 自然资源部不动产登记中心 北京 100034
    3. 西南林业大学经济管理学院 昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-28 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 何友均
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金青年人才项目(CAFYBB2017QC006);国家林业和草原局重点工程项目前期研究(500102-5105)

Theory of and Approach to Realizing the Value of Forest Ecological Products

Yaquan Dou1,Chen Yang2,Xiaodi Zhao1,Huaiyi Wang1,Ya Li3,Youjun He1,*   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, CAF Beijing 100091
    2. Resources Real Estate Registration Center, Ministry of Natural Resources Beijing 100034
    3. College of Economics & Management, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224
  • Received:2022-06-28 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-11-03
  • Contact: Youjun He

摘要:

目的: 明确森林生态产品价值实现的理论内涵以及具体可行路径, 为推动完善生态产品价值实现机制提供方案, 从而促进实现"双碳"战略目标, 全面推进乡村振兴战略, 加快实现共同富裕。方法: 通过深入剖析森林生态产品的概念、分类及基本属性, 从供给、需求角度阐述森林生态产品价值实现的内涵, 选取福建南平、湖北鄂州、江西崇义为典型案例, 分析森林生态产品价值实现的具体做法和主要成效, 同时运用生态经济学理论诠释3种不同主体方式的森林生态产品价值实现的机理, 并在此基础上提出以市场、政府、政府+市场为主体的森林生态产品的价值实现路径。结果: 森林生态产品价值实现的内涵: 从供给角度可理解为应当通过何种方式方法使生产者付出的成本得到回报, 即有效促使生产者愿意且有能力为市场提供更多的森林生态产品, 从而实现森林资源的最优配置; 从需求角度可理解为通过生态、物质和人力等资本要素的投入, 使消费者的福利得到改善, 从而得到消费者的认可, 消费者愿意并且有能力为此按一定价格进行消费支付, 从而实现生态产品的生态价值向经济价值转化。结论: 通过分析国内森林生态产品价值实现的实践做法, 针对森林生态物质产品、调节产品和服务产品, 提出我国森林生态产品价值实现的可行路径主要分为3种: 以市场为主体, 构建森林物质产品的交易机制; 以政府为主体, 构建森林调节产品的管理机制; 以政府、市场相结合, 构建森林文化产品的服务机制。

关键词: 森林生态产品, 供需分析, 生态资本, 价值实现, 典型案例, 实现路径

Abstract:

Objective: The article is intended to identify the theoretical basis for and feasible approach to realizing the value of forest ecological products, therefore providing a plan for improving the mechanism of realizing the value of ecological products, achieving the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", promoting the Rural Revitalization Strategy, and accelerating the realization of common prosperity. Method: An in depth analysis of the concept, classification and basic attributes of forest ecological products was conducted to demonstrate the implications to realizing the value of forest ecological products in view of supply and demand. Nanping of Fujian, Ezhou of Hubei and Chongyi of Jiangxi were taken as case studies to analyze the specific measures of realizing the value of forest ecological products and their main effects. The theory of ecological economics was used to interpret the value realization mechanism of forest ecological products in three different ways: government as the main body, market as the main body and the combination of the two, respectively with a proposed approach to the value realization. Result: The implications to the value realization of forest ecological products : from the perspective of supply can be understood as what ways and means can be adopted to pay back the cost invested by producers, i.e. effectively encourage producers to be willing and able to provide more forest ecological products to the market, therefore optimizing the allocation of forest resources; From the perspective of demand can be understood asthrough the input of ecological, material and human capital elements, the welfare of consumers can be improved, increasing the recognition by consumers. Consumers are willing and able to pay a certain price to realize the transformation from ecological value to economic value of ecological products. Conclusion: By analyzing the practice of realizing the value of forest ecological products in China, aiming at forest ecological material products, regulation products and service products, the feasible ways to realize the value of forest ecological products in China are divided into three main types: the market is treated as the main body and a trading mechanism of forest material products is developed; the government is taken as the main body to construct the management mechanism of forest regulation products; the government and the market are combined to build a service mechanism for forest cultural products.

Key words: forest ecological products, supply and demand analysis, ecological capital, value realization, typical cases, path

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