枸杞机械化采收相关理论与装备研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240448

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着枸杞种植规模不断扩大以及劳动成本逐渐增加，实现枸杞采收机械化和智能化已成为提升枸杞生产效率的重要手段，同时也是推进枸杞产业高质量发展的有效途径。本研究基于文献分析法，对国内外近10年来枸杞采收相关理论与装备研究进展进行梳理和综述，通过分析现有研究在理论和实际应用中的优缺点，进一步探讨其未来研究方向和发展趋势。目前，关于枸杞采收方面的研究以国内相关农林院校为主，并多以宁夏地区枸杞品种为研究对象，采收装备分为便携式和自走式，其工作方式包括振动式、梳刷式、气力式和剪切式，振动式的采摘效率相对理想。为进一步实现枸杞高效低损的采收目标，提出未来枸杞采收相关技术的研究方向：1）结合枸杞生物力学特性差异，加强基础理论研究，揭示采收过程中各部位之间的耦合互作机理，避免机械作业过程中对果实造成损伤；2）研发适合枸杞采收装备作业的农艺新技术，将农机与农艺深度融合，提高整体采摘效率；3）开展复杂田间环境中对枸杞果实不规则运动状态下的快速识别与定位算法研究，基于图谱融合技术对枸杞果实的成熟度进行识别和检测；4）开发基于自动导航技术和智能避障系统的大型枸杞采收装备。

关键词: 枸杞采收, 理论研究, 机械化, 智能化, 装备研制

Abstract:

With the gradual expansion of the scale of Lycium barbarum cultivation as well as labor costs continue to increase, the realization of mechanization and intelligent harvesting of Lycium barbarum has become an important means to enhance the efficiency of Lycium barbarum production, but also to promote the quality of the Lycium barbarum industry, an effective way to develop. Based on the literature analysis method, this study combs and reviews the research progress of theory and equipment related to Lycium barbarum harvesting at home and abroad in the past 10 years, and further explores the future research direction and development trend of the existing research by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research in theory and practical application. At present, the research on harvesting of Lycium barbarum is dominated by relevant domestic agricultural and forestry colleges and universities, and mostly take Ningxia region Lycium barbarum varieties as the object of research, the harvesting equipment is divided into portable and self-propelled, and its working mode includes vibration type, comb and brush type, pneumatic type and shear type, and the vibration type of harvesting efficiency is relatively ideal. In order to further realize the goal of efficient and low-loss harvesting of Lycium barbarum, the future research direction of Lycium barbarum harvesting related technology is proposed: 1) Combined with the differences in biomechanical properties of Lycium barbarum, strengthen the basic theoretical research, reveal the coupling and interactions mechanism between various parts in the harvesting process, and avoid the damage to the fruits in the process of mechanical operation. 2) Research and development of new agronomic techniques suitable for the operation of Lycium barbarum harvesting equipment, the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, to improve the overall harvesting efficiency. 3) Carry out the research of rapid identification and localization algorithm in complex field environment for Lycium barbarum fruit in irregular movement state, and identify and detect the maturity of Lycium barbarum fruit based on graph fusion technology. 4) Development of large-scale Lycium barbarum harvesting equipment based on automatic navigation technology and intelligent obstacle avoidance system.

Key words: Lycium barbarum harvesting, theoretical studies, mechanization, intellectualize, equipment development

中图分类号:

刘玉闯,刘嘉辉,赵健,赵东,张宏业,苏小康,冯裕科,程延,李梓仪. 枸杞机械化采收相关理论与装备研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(5): 222-232.

Yuchuang Liu,Jiahui Liu,Jian Zhao,Dong Zhao,Hongye Zhang,Xiaokang Su,Yuke Feng,Yan Cheng,Ziyi Li. Research Progress of Theory and Equipment Related to Mechanized Harvesting of Lycium barbarum[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(5): 222-232.

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