国有林管理体制转型对林业新质生产力发展的影响机制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240574

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究国有林管理体制转型对林业新质生产力发展的影响机制，为优化国有林管理政策、促进林业高质量发展提供参考。方法: 基于2010—2021年东北国有林区87家国有森工企业面板数据，运用熵值法测算林业新质生产力水平，采用多期双重差分模型（多期DID模型）、倾向得分匹配-双重差分模型（PSM-DID模型）和中介机制检验模型，量化分析国有林管理体制转型对林业新质生产力发展的影响及其作用机制。结果: 1）东北国有林区87家国有森工企业林业新质生产力指数从2010年的0.055 8升至2021年的0.090 7，基本保持增长趋势；2）国有林管理体制转型对林业新质生产力发展具有显著正向影响；3）国有林管理体制转型对不同森工集团林业新质生产力发展的影响存在显著异质性，在内蒙古森工集团和大兴安岭林业集团表现出显著正向影响，在伊春森工集团因管理体制变动表现出显著负向影响；4）环境信息披露度以及资源优化与效率提升是国有林管理体制转型推动林业新质生产力提升的主要途径。结论: 为进一步提升林业新质生产力，应深化管理体制改革，制定差异化政策，强化环境信息披露度，推动资源优化与效率提升，并提供有力的政策支持和配套机制。

关键词: 国有林管理体制转型, 林业新质生产力, 环境信息披露度, 资源优化与效率提升

Abstract:

Objective: This article aims to provide scientific evidence for optimizing state-owned forest management policies and promoting high-quality forestry development by studying the impact mechanism of the transformation of the state-owned forest management system on the development of new forestry productivity. Method: Based on panel data from 87 state-owned forestry enterprises in northeast China’s state-owned forest areas from 2010 to 2021, this study employs the entropy method to measure the level of new forestry productivity. The study uses a multi-period difference-in-differences model (multi-period DID), propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model (PSM-DID), and mediation effect model to quantitatively analyze the impact and mechanism of the transformation of state-owned forest management system on the development of new forestry productivity. Result: 1) From 2010 to 2021, the new forestry productivity index in northeast China’s state-owned forest areas increased from 0.055 8 to 0.098 7, maintaining a general upward trend. 2) The transformation of the state-owned forest management system has a significant positive impact on the development of new forestry productivity. 3) There is significant heterogeneity in the reform effects among different forestry groups. The transformation of the state-owned forest management system shows a significant positive impact on the new forestry productivity in Inner Mongolia forestry group and Daxing’anling forestry group, while in Yichun forestry group, the impact is significantly negative due to management system changes. 4) Mechanism tests indicate that environmental information disclosure and resource optimization and efficiency improvement are the main pathways through which the system transformation promotes the development of new forestry productivity. Conclusion: To further enhance new forestry productivity, it is essential to deepen management system reform, formulate differentiated policies, strengthen the environmental information disclosure system, promote resource optimization and efficiency improvement, and provide strong policy support and complementary mechanisms.

Key words: transformation of state-owned forest management system, new forestry productivity, environmental information disclosure, resource optimization and efficiency improvement

中图分类号:

S7-9
F307.2

朱洪革,赵梦涵,张少鹏. 国有林管理体制转型对林业新质生产力发展的影响机制[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(5): 207-221.

Hongge Zhu,Menghan Zhao,Shaopeng Zhang. Impact and Mechanism of the Transformation of State-Owned Forest Management System on the Development of New Forestry Productivity[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(5): 207-221.

图/表 13

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林业新质生产力评价指标体系"

一级指标 Primary indicators	二级指标 Secondary indicators	三级指标 Tertiary indicators	计算方法或指标说明 Calculation method or indicator description	属性 Attribute	权重 Weight
劳动者 Laborers	劳动者能力 Laborer capability	经济效率 Economic efficiency	林业总产值/总人口 Forestry total output value/total population	+	0.030 7
		经济收入 Economic income	在岗职工平均工资 Average wage of employees	+	0.010 3
		劳动效率 Labor efficiency	林业总产值/林业从业人数 Forestry total output value/forestry practitioners	+	0.016 6
	劳动者潜能 Laborer potential	知识潜能 Knowledge potential	计算机服务和软件从业人员占比 Proportion of computer service and software practitioners	+	0.013 8
	劳动者潜能 Laborer potential	创新精神 Innovation spirit	林业R&D研发人员数量 Number of forestry R&D personnel	+	0.022 1
劳动资料 Means of labor	有形劳动资料 Tangible means of labor	传统型基础设施 Traditional infrastructure	新增公路里程数 New road mileage	+	0.162 9
		传统型基础设施 Traditional infrastructure	生态保护与建设投资完成额 Ecological protection and construction investment completion	+	0.012 4
		数智型基础设施 Digital and intelligent infrastructure	数字经济指数 Digital economy index	+	0.019 7
		数智型基础设施 Digital and intelligent infrastructure	每百人互联网用户数 Number of internet users per 100 people	+	0.014 8
	无形劳动资料 Intangible means of labor	科技研发 Scientific research	林业R&D研发投入强度 Forestry R&D investment intensity	+	0.017 2
		科技研发 Scientific research	林业R&D科研经费投入水平 Forestry R&D funding level	+	0.035 5
		科技成果 Scientific achievements	数字普惠金融指数 Digital inclusive financial index	+	0.018 5
		科技成果 Scientific achievements	林业技术改造投资完成额 Forestry technological transformation investment completion	+	0.064 3
劳动对象 Object of labor	产业优化 Industrial optimization	产业价值化 Industrial valorization	林业总产值 Forestry total output value	+	0.018 3
		产业合理化 Industrial rationalization	香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	+	0.023 4
		产业多功能 Industrial multifunction	第三产业增加值占林业总产值增加值比重 Proportion of tertiary industry added value in forestry total output value	+	0.325 3
	生态安全 Ecological safety	自然资源保护 Natural resource protection	森林管护面积 Forest management area	+	0.075 2
	生态安全 Ecological safety	自然资源保护 Natural resource protection	新增造林面积 New afforestation area	+	0.035 4
	市场安全 Market safety	市场占有率 Market share	森工集团企业林业总产值/所属省份林业总产值 Forestry total output value of forestry group enterprises/province’s forestry total output value	+	0.020 5
	市场安全 Market safety	销售增长率 Sales growth rate	（本年度林业总产值-上年度林业总产值）/上年度林业总产值 (This year’s forestry total output value - last year’s forestry total output value)/last year’s forestry total output value	+	0.063 0

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年份 Year	国有森工企业 State-owned forest industrial enterprises
2015	阿龙山、湾沟 Along Mountain, Wangou
2016	绰尔、绰源、库都尔、图里河、伊图里河、甘河、吉文、阿里河、根河、金河、满归、得耳布尔、莫尔道嘎、大杨树、毕拉河 Choer, Choyuan, Kudur, Turi River, Ituri River, Gan River, Jiwen, Ali River, Gen River, Jin River, Mangui, Derpur, Mordauga, Poplar, Bila River
2017	阿尔山、乌尔旗汉、克一河、三岔子、泉阳、大石头、大兴沟、天桥岭、鹤立、方正、清河、南岔 Arshan, Urqihan, Keyihe, Sanchazi, Quanyang, Dashi, Daxinggou, Tianqiaoling, Heli, Fangzheng, Qinghe, Nancha
2018	临江、松江河、山河屯、带岭、阿木尔 Linjiang, Songjiang River, Shanhetun, Dailing, Amur
2019	黄泥河、敦化、和龙、汪清、白河、珲春、大海林、柴河、迎春、亚布力、松龄、新林、塔河、呼中、图强、西林吉、十八站、韩家园、朗乡、金山屯、美溪、乌马河、翠峦、汤旺河、乌伊岭 Huangni River, Dunhua, Helong, Wangqing, Baihe, Hunchun, Dahailin, Chaihe, Yingchun, Yabuli, Songling, Xinlin, Tahe, Huzhong, Tuqiang, Xilingji, Eighteen Stations, Hanjiayuan, Langxiang, Jinshantun, Meixi, Umahe, Cuishan, Tangwanghe, Wuyiling
2020	露水河、白石山、红石、八家子、东京城、穆棱、绥阳、海林、林口、八面通、双鸭山、鹤北、东方红、苇河、兴隆、绥棱、通北、沾河、加格达奇、双丰、铁力、桃山、友好、上甘岭、五营、红星、新青 Lushui River, Baishi Mountain, Hongshi, Bajiazi, Tokyo City, Muling, Suiyang, Hailin, Linkou, Bamiantong, Shuangya Mountain, Hebei, Dongfanghong, Weihe, Xinglong, Suiling, Tongbei, Zhanhe, Gagedaqi, Shuangfeng, Tieli, Taoshan, Youyi, Shangganling, Wuying, Hongxing, Xinqing

变量类型 Variables type	变量名称 Variables name	样本量 Sample size	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Min.	中位数Median	最大值 Max.
被解释变量 Explained variables	林业新质生产力指数 Forestry new quality productivity index	1 044	0.077	0.031	0.028	0.073	0.190
解释变量 Explanatory variable	国有林管理体制转型 Transformation of state-owned forest management system	1 044	0.301	0.459	0.000	0.000	1.000
控制变量 Controlled variables	经济开放度 Economic openness	1 044	0.094	0.158	0.000	0.037	0.815
	外商投资水平 Foreign investment level	1 044	0.009	0.009	?0.015	0.006	0.038
	能源消耗水平 Energy consumption level	1 044	11.425	4.685	0.000	12.720	15.947
	气候条件 Climate conditions	1 044	?6.232	0.229	?6.762	?6.203	?5.916
	经济发展水平 Economic development level	1 044	10.278	0.546	7.259	10.285	11.299
机制变量 Intermediary variables	环境信息披露度 Environmental information disclosure	1 044	4.352	1.153	0.000	4.625	6.263
机制变量 Intermediary variables	资源优化与效率提升 Resource optimization and efficiency improvement	1 044	0.087	0.080	0.003	0.728	0.923

变量 Variables	无控制变量&无时间效应 No control variables & no time effect (1)	无控制变量&有时间效应 No control variables & with time effect (2)	有控制变量&无时间效应 With control variables & no time effect (3)	有控制变量&有时间效应 With control variables & with time effect (4)
国有林管理体制转型 Transformation of state-owned forest management system	0.029^*** (0.004)	0.020^*** (0.005)	0.018^*** (0.004)	0.019^*** (0.005)
经济开放度 Economic openness			?0.001	0.006
经济开放度 Economic openness			(0.009)	(0.009)
外商投资水平 Foreign investment level			?0.222	?0.415^*
外商投资水平 Foreign investment level			(0.200)	(0.230)
能源消耗水平 Energy consumption level			0.011^***	0.009^***
能源消耗水平 Energy consumption level			(0.002)	(0.002)
气候条件 Climate conditions			0.007^*	0.002
气候条件 Climate conditions			(0.004)	(0.008)
经济发展水平 Economic development level			0.009^***	?0.001
经济发展水平 Economic development level			(0.003)	(0.004)
常数项 Constant	0.068^*** (0.001)	0.055^*** (0.002)	?0.093^** (0.046)	?0.033 (0.067)
样本量Observations	1 044	1 044	1 044	1 044
R²	0.600	0.677	0.657	0.611
地区效应Regional effect	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
时间效应Time effect	否No	是Yes	否No	是Yes

变量 Variables	样本 Simple	均值Mean		标准误差 Standard deviation	标准化偏差绝对值减少 Standardized deviation absolute value reduced (%)	t	P
变量 Variables	样本 Simple	处理组 Processing group	控制组 Control group	标准误差 Standard deviation		t	P
经济开放度 Economic openness	匹配前Before matching	0.051	0.127	?39.1	80.0	?4.98	0.000
经济开放度 Economic openness	匹配后After matching	0.053	0.038	7.8	80.0	2.84	0.105
外商投资水平 Foreign investment level	匹配前Before matching	0.002	0.012	?105.6	97.2	?14.50	0.000
外商投资水平 Foreign investment level	匹配后After matching	0.003	0.004	?2.9	97.2	?0.60	0.546
能源消耗水平 Energy consumption level	匹配前Before matching	12.274	11.060	25.9	92.0	3.86	0.000
能源消耗水平 Energy consumption level	匹配后After matching	12.253	12.155	2.1	92.0	0.28	0.780
气候条件 Climate conditions	匹配前Before matching	?6.227	?6.234	3.3	?375.4	0.51	0.612
气候条件 Climate conditions	匹配后After matching	?6.241	?6.204	?15.9	?375.4	?1.93	0.054
经济发展水平 Economic development level	匹配前Before matching	10.248	10.272	?3.1	194.0	?0.51	0.613
经济发展水平 Economic development level	匹配后After matching	20.289	10.357	?9.1	194.0	?1.62	0.106

变量 Variables	邻匹配 Nearest neighbor matching (1)	半径匹配 Radius matching (2)	替换核心解释变量 Replace the kernel interpretation variables (3)	2期倍差 Two-period difference- in-differences (4)	滞后效应 Lagged effect (5)	联合固定效应 Combined fixed effects (6)
国有林管理体制转型 Transformation of state-owned forest management system	0.019^* (0.010)	0.029 8^*** (0.009)	0.005^*** (3.640)	0.016 0^** (0.007)	0.006 0^* (0.003)	0.004^* (0.004)
控制变量Controlled variables	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
地区效应Regional effect	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
时间效应Time effect	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
地区×时间固定效应 Regional × time effect	否No	否No	否No	否No	否No	是Yes
常数项 Constant	0.741	0.022	?0.116^*	0.046	?0.024	?0.033
常数项 Constant	(0.607)	(0.125)	(?1.852)	(0.191)	(0.069)	(0.067)
R²	0.610	0.639	0.303	0.616	0.638	0.641