复合菌剂对防火景观树种枯落物降解效果的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 筛选与组合有显著协同和增效作用的复合菌剂，将林间枯落物快速降解，大量减少林下枯枝、落叶等可燃物，增强防火林带防火效能，并进一步将枯落物降解为有机肥料。方法: 于南京市南郊的江苏省林业科学研究院实验林场设立试验区，采用550 ℃灼烧法测定有机质含量和降解率，利用小油菜种子发芽指数法评价堆物的腐熟度，设立槽式试验堆区和林下试验区，测定不同复合菌剂对枯落降解发酵堆物的温度、含水率、pH值，选出复合菌剂最适用量和最适用时间，评价降解效果。结果: 火景观树种枯落降解发酵堆温变化的顺序为复合菌剂Ⅰ>复合菌剂Ⅱ>双菌复合Ⅲ>对照CK；随着处理时间增加，复合菌剂Ⅰ处理的含水量、有机质含量下降速度最快，pH值的变化最活跃，有机质的降解效果最明显（P<0.05），其他处理均次之；4因素4水平正交试验结果表明，复合菌剂Ⅰ有显著的协同和对枯枝落叶等降解速度的增效作用；不同复合菌剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、双菌复合Ⅲ和对照CK处理对枯落物降解率分别达92.3%、82.7%、62.1%和25.5%，对枯落物降解率与对照比均有显著差异（P<0.05）；于6月10日利用30 kg·hm^?2的复合菌剂Ⅰ处理30天对林下枯落物降解率达100%，既高效又经济；处理至30天，复合菌剂Ⅰ、复合菌剂Ⅱ和双菌复合Ⅲ处理的GI分别达98.2%、92.3%和89.7%，均超过GI﹥80%腐熟度的无害化水平（P<0.05）。结论: 复合菌剂Ⅰ处理可快速将防火景观树种枯落物降解，并实现减少林下可燃物的目标。

关键词: 复合菌剂, 防火景观树种, 枯落物, 降解效果, 变害为肥

Abstract:

Objective: Through the selection and combination of composite microbial agents with significant synergistic and synergistic effects, the forest litter can be rapidly degraded, thereby significantly reducing combustibles such as dead branches and leaves under the forest, to enhance the fire prevention efficiency of the fireproof forest belt and further degrade litter into organic fertilizers. Method: A test plot was set up in the experimental forest farm of Jiangsu Academy of Forestry in the southern suburb of Nanjing. Based on a previous experimental result that there were the synergistic and synergistic effects of single strain, dual-strain combination, and composite microbial agents on litter degradation, the organic matter content and degradation rate were determined by burning at 550 ℃, and the maturation of the heap was evaluated by small rape seed germination index method. The temperature, moisture content, and pH value of different composite microbial agents on litter degradation of fermented piles were determined by setting up a tank experimental pile area and a forest experimental area, and the most suitable amount and time of composite microbial agents were selected to evaluate the degradation effect. Result: The order of temperature change in the litter degradation fermentation heap of fireproof landscape tree species was compound microbial agent Ⅰ> compound microbial agent Ⅱ> dual microbial agent Ⅲ> control CK. With the increase of treatment time, the water content and organic matter content of microbial agent Ⅰ treatment decreased the fastest, the pH value changed the most actively, and the organic matter degradation effect (P<0.05) was the most obvious, followed by other treatments. The results of 4 factors and 4 levels orthogonal test showed that microbial agent Ⅰ had a significant synergistic and synergistic effect on the degradation rates of litter. The degradation rates of litter by different compound microbial agent Ⅰ, Ⅱ, double microbial agent Ⅲ and CK treatment were 92.3%, 82.7%, 62.1% and 25.5%, respectively, and there were significant differences in the degradation rates of litter between the compound microbial agents and the control (P<0.05). On June 10, the degradation rate of understory litter reached 100% after 30 days of treatment with 30 kg·hm^?2 compound microorganisms I, which was both efficient and economical. After 30 days of treatment, GI of compound microbial agent Ⅰ,Ⅱ and double microbial agent Ⅲ was 98.2%, 92.3% and 89.7%, respectively, which all exceeded the harmless level of GI>80% maturation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of microbial agent I can rapidly degrade the litter of tree species in fire-resistant landscape and achieve the goal of reducing understory combustible materials.

Key words: compound microbial agent, fire protection landscape tree species, dead branches and leaves litter, degradation effect, turn harm into fertilizer

中图分类号:

S762.33

徐明,王磊,张扬. 复合菌剂对防火景观树种枯落物降解效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(10): 146-153.

Ming Xu,Lei Wang,Yang Zhang. Effect of Composite Microbial Agents on Litter Degradation in Landscape Fireproof Tree Species[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 146-153.

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菌剂名称 Name of combinations	菌株发酵液组合 Composition of strains	种子液体积比 Seed liquid ratio
复合菌剂Ⅰ Complex microorganisms Ⅰ	绵皮卧孔菌Postia placenta、云芝Polystictus versicolor、康宁木霉Trichoderma koningii、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae、乳酸菌Lacto bacillus	2∶2∶2∶ 2∶6∶2∶2
复合菌剂Ⅱ Complex microorganisms Ⅱ	绵皮卧孔菌Postia placenta、云芝Polystictus versicolor、康宁木霉Trichoderma koningii、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae、乳酸菌Lacto bacillus	1∶1∶2∶ 1∶5∶1∶1
双菌复合Ⅲ Double microorganisms Ⅲ	绵皮卧孔菌 Postia placenta、康宁木菌 Trichoderma koningii	2∶2
对照CK	无菌水Sterile water

变异 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度df	均方 Mean square	F
复合菌剂Ⅰ Complex microorganisms Ⅰ	2.79	3	0.93	281.82**
复合菌剂Ⅱ Complex microorganisms Ⅱ	1.19	3	0.396 7	120.21**
双菌复合Ⅲ Double microorganisms Ⅲ	0.57	3	0.19	57.58**
对照CK	0.07	3	0.023 3	7.06
误差Error	0.10	30	0.003 3
总计total	4.72

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