林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 83-95.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221108
蔡进军1,2,3,李维倩2,3,陈刚2,3,白阳阳2,3,吴霞2,3,王天宁2,吴艳2,盛浪2,张兴昌1,*
收稿日期:
2022-06-17
出版日期:
2022-11-25
发布日期:
2023-03-08
通讯作者:
张兴昌
Jinjun Cai1,2,3,Weiqian Li2,3,Gang Chen2,3,Yangyang Bai2,3,Xia Wu2,3,Tianning Wang2,Yan Wu2,Lang Sheng2,Xingchang Zhang1,*
Received:
2022-06-17
Online:
2022-11-25
Published:
2023-03-08
Contact:
Xingchang Zhang
摘要:
目的: 枯落物层持水性能是林地水文效应评价的重要内容,定量评价黄土梁状丘陵区比较稀疏的典型人工林枯落物层的水文特征指标,可为研究区林草植被的生态重建、结构优化等提供理论依据。方法: 选择山杏、山桃、柠条纯林与山杏-沙棘混交林、山杏-柠条混交林、山桃-山杏-苜蓿混交林6种人工林,分别设置20 m×20 m的标准样地,在四角及中心设5个1 m×1 m的样方收集枯落物样品。采用野外调查和室内浸泡法,分析保存在地表及混入土壤中的所有枯落物的蓄积量、持水性及持水动态变化规律。结果: 研究表明:1)6种林分枯落物总蓄积量范围在1.05~4.01 t·hm-2,其中山杏纯林最高,山桃纯林最低。土壤中枯落物蓄积量占枯落物总蓄积量的比例变化范围在11.43%~25.00%。除山杏纯林外,混交林分的总蓄积量均大于纯林。2)综合6种林分地表枯落物和土壤中枯落物的持水能力来看,最大持水量为山杏纯林(15.75 t·hm-2),最大持水率为山杏-柠条混交林(264.65%)。3)6种林分枯落物的持水量和吸水速率的动态变化过程均表现为在浸水初期迅速变化,24 h时达到饱和趋于稳定。持水量和持水速率随浸泡时间的变化分别符合自然对数方程和幂函数方程,均达到极显著水平(P < 0.01)。4)综合分析了6种林分枯落物的有效拦蓄量和有效拦蓄率变化,结果显示山杏纯林地表枯落物的拦蓄能力最高,山杏-柠条混交林土壤中枯落物的拦蓄能力最高;山杏纯林的总有效拦蓄量最高(11.08 t·hm-2),山杏-柠条混交林次之(7.67 t·hm-2)。结论: 在宁夏黄土梁状丘陵区,6种稀疏人工林的枯落物持水性能综合表现为山杏纯林及山杏-柠条混交林优于其他林分。研究结果可为当地生态恢复中的枯落物水土保持效益科学评价和林草植被结构优化提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
蔡进军,李维倩,陈刚,白阳阳,吴霞,王天宁,吴艳,盛浪,张兴昌. 宁夏黄土梁状丘陵区六种稀疏人工林的枯落物持水特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(11): 83-95.
Jinjun Cai,Weiqian Li,Gang Chen,Yangyang Bai,Xia Wu,Tianning Wang,Yan Wu,Lang Sheng,Xingchang Zhang. Water-Holding Characteristics of the Litter Layer of Six Sparse Plantation Types in the Loess Ridge Hilly Region of Ningxia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 83-95.
表1
不同样地的地形和植被特征①"
林分类型 Stand type | 坡向 Slope aspect | 坡位 Slope position | 坡度 Slope/(°) | 海拔 Altitude/m | 林龄 Forest age/a | 密度 Density/(plant·hm-2) | 株高 Average tree height/m | 地径 Average DBH/cm | 郁闭度 Canopy density |
山杏A. sibirica | NW 50° | 中下坡 Middle-down slope | 12.25 | 1 648.42 | 20 | 675 | 4.08±0.09 | 12.45±0.08 | 0.28 |
山桃A. davidiana | NW 76° | 中坡 Middle slope | 11.29 | 1 673.82 | 19 | <382> | <3.60±0.06> | <4.45±0.08> | <0.26> |
柠条C. intermedia | NW 74° | 中坡 Middle slope | 15.45 | 1 649.41 | 15 | <1 576> | <2.92±0.23> | <2.17±0.17> | <0.31> |
山杏-沙棘 A. sibirica - H. rhamnoides | SW 76° | 中坡 Middle slope | 22.89 | 1 674.09 | 20 | 375 <2 255> | 3.45±0.88 <1.01±0.03> | 9.97±0.22 <1.65±0.29> | 0.29 <0.69> |
山杏-柠条 A. sibirica - C. intermedia | SE 48° | 中坡 Middle slope | 22.32 | 1 660.06 | 20 | 550 <1 125> | 4.45±0.13 <1.41±0.07> | 10.30±0.67 <1.51±0.17> | 0.30 <0.66> |
山杏-山桃-苜蓿 A. sibirica - A. davidiana-M. sativa | NE 43° | 中坡 Middle slope | 17.58 | 1 583.82 | 18 | 521 <143> | 3.38±0.15 <3.07±0.14> (0.76±0.11) | 11.25±0.37 <4.20±0.50> | 0.33 <0.25> (0.71) |
表2
6种人工林分枯落物厚度与蓄积量①"
林分类型 Stand type | 枯落物层覆盖度 Coverage (%) | 地表枯落物Surface litter | 土壤中枯落物Litter in soil | 枯落物总蓄积量 Total litter volume/(t·hm-2) | |||
厚度 Thickness/cm | 蓄积量 Volume of litter/(t·hm-2) | 混入深度 Depth/cm | 蓄积量 Volume of litter/(t·hm-2) | ||||
山杏A. sibirica | 83.8±3.89a | 2.60±0.89a | 3.46±1.21a | 0.42±0.13a | 0.55±0.15a | 4.01±1.27a | |
山桃A. davidiana | 43.8±10.35c | 2.30±0.75bc | 0.93±0.63c | 0.36±0.13a | 0.12±0.04c | 1.05±0.65c | |
柠条C. intermedia | 67.4±8.98b | 2.40±0.55bc | 1.08±0.14c | 0.30±0.07a | 0.15±0.04c | 1.23±0.15c | |
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica - H. rhamnoides | 73.4±12.36ab | 2.26±0.70bc | 2.04±0.30b | 0.30±0.07a | 0.47±0.15ab | 2.51±0.23b | |
山杏-柠条A. sibirica - C.intermedia | 59.4±12.21b | 2.36±0.52bc | 1.26±0.54bc | 0.30±0.01a | 0.42±0.15ab | 1.68±0.53bc | |
山杏-山桃-苜蓿A. sibirica - A. davidiana-M.sativa | 59.0±11.40b | 1.56±0.44b | 1.13±0.40c | 0.32±0.13a | 0.33±0.06b | 1.46±0.36c |
表3
不同林分枯落物持水量与浸泡时间的关系"
林分类型 Stand type | 地表枯落物 Surface litter | 相关系数 R2 | 土壤中枯落物 Litter in soil | 相关系数 R2 |
山杏A. sibirica | K=369.409 lnt+1 332.267 | 0.920 | K=314.943 lnt+1 117.797 | 0.945 |
山桃A. davidiana | K=470.671 lnt+1 208.661 | 0.933 | K=275.559 lnt+1 027.696 | 0.989 |
柠条C.intermedia | K=541.102 lnt+1 193.896 | 0.947 | K=255.415 lnt+1 121.858 | 0.924 |
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides | K=715.510 lnt+1 100.801 | 0.990 | K=250.513 lnt+1 066.169 | 0.961 |
山杏-柠条A. sibirica-C.intermedia | K=722.585 lnt+1 194.272 | 0.949 | K=356.187 lnt+1 113.235 | 0.964 |
山桃-山杏-苜蓿A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa | K=731.866 lnt+1 073.211 | 0.984 | K=264.067 lnt+1 089.704 | 0.952 |
表4
不同林分枯落物的持水速率与浸水时间的关系"
林分类型 Stand type | 地表枯落物 Surface litter | 相关系数 R2 | 土壤中枯落物 Litter in soil | 相关系数 R2 |
山杏A. sibirica | B=21 185.386 t-3.275 | 0.902 | B=13 327.706 t-3.313 | 0.933 |
山桃A. davidiana | B=33 580.310 t-3.884 | 0.891 | B=9 304.245 t-3.069 | 0.902 |
柠条C.intermedia | B=41 261.582 t-4.012 | 0.876 | B=8 302.763 t-3.175 | 0.961 |
山杏-沙棘A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides | B=38 525.957 t-3.587 | 0.837 | B=5 200.827 t-2.785 | 0.981 |
山杏-柠条A. sibirica-C.intermedia | B=57 641.837 t-4.026 | 0.888 | B=12 975.541 t-3.313 | 0.919 |
山桃-山杏-苜蓿A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa | B=39 558.515 t-3.600 | 0.861 | B=6 524.832 t-2.973 | 0.968 |
表5
不同人工林枯落物拦蓄能力"
林分类型 Stand type | 地表枯落物Surface litter | 土壤中枯落物Litter in soil | 总有效拦蓄量 Total retaining content/(t·hm-2) | 平均有效拦蓄率 Average Effective retaining rate (%) | |||
有效拦蓄量Effective retaining content/(t·hm-2) | 有效拦蓄率Effective retaining rate (%) | 有效拦蓄Effective retaining content/(t·hm-2) | 有效拦蓄率Effective retaining rate (%) | ||||
山杏 A. sibirica | 7.67±2.11a | 227.41 | 3.41±1.30ab | 183.80 | 11.08±2.59a | 205.60 | |
山桃纯林 A. davidiana | 1.74±1.04c | 196.77 | 2.16±0.56b | 124.68 | 3.90±1.15c | 160.72 | |
柠条C.intermedia | 2.14±0.48c | 198.07 | 2.32±0.37b | 132.60 | 4.46±0.66c | 165.33 | |
山杏-沙棘 A. sibirica-H.rhamnoides | 2.80±1.40bc | 195.91 | 2.50±0.38ab | 125.15 | 5.30±0.64b | 160.53 | |
山杏-柠条混交林 A. sibirica-C.intermedia | 3.99±0.80b | 216.40 | 3.68±0.74a | 153.91 | 7.67±1.12b | 185.15 | |
山桃-山杏-苜蓿混交林A. sibirica-A. davidiana-M.sativa | 2.24±0.92c | 195.02 | 2.71±0.72ab | 135.56 | 4.95±1.02bc | 165.29 |
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