马边大风顶保护区森林砍伐后大熊猫栖息地恢复过程

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230488

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 掌握砍伐后森林的恢复进程，为制定大熊猫栖息地修复措施提供基础依据。方法: 以马边大风顶保护区Landsat系列卫星数据为基础，使用支持向量机分类法，移动窗口法分析该保护区森林砍伐前后40年间森林覆盖度的变化特征，并结合野外实地样方调查评价保护区林地的破碎化和连通性。结果: 1）保护区内的森林遭到严重砍伐，森林面积从295 km²降至230 km²，之后逐步恢复到274 km²并于近年达到277 km²，森林面积逐渐接近砍伐前水平，恢复速率也随之下降，且小规模偷伐盗伐仍在影响森林恢复。2）保护区内被严重砍伐的区域较为集中，主要分布于丝厂拉达-觉罗豁防火公路沿线区域，以及永红管护区西南部与马拟管护点北方区域，导致保护区高连通性林地被阻隔分为3个区域。3）丝厂拉达-觉罗豁防火公路沿线区域遭受砍伐最严重，该区域具有代表性，区域内的前期修复结果并未达到大熊猫适宜栖息地要求，仍需改进，宜试行森林恢复与保护实验。结论: 保护区内森林破碎化严重，各区块间存在分隔，对照大熊猫原始生境进行栖息地修复，建立大熊猫生境廊道并加强管控是必要且亟需的措施。

关键词: 森林砍伐, 森林恢复, 移动窗口法, 大熊猫栖息地, 马边大风顶保护区

Abstract:

Objective: The forest ecosystem composed of tall trees plays an irreplaceable role in Giant Panda habitat. Since 1990s, forest in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve suffered from deforestation by forest industry enterprises, causing serious impacts on the habitat of Giant Pandas. With the implementation of forest conservation projects such as the Natural Forest Protection Project, the forest vegetation has gradually recovered. Understanding the process of forest recovery after logging provides a fundamental basis for formulating restoration measures for the Giant Panda habitat. Method: Based on Landsat satellite data, this study conducted an analysis using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method and the moving window approach to examine changes in forest cover over a 40-year period before and after forest logging in the Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve. Field surveys were also conducted to assess habitat fragmentation and connectivity. Result: The research findings indicate that the forest within the reserve experienced heavily logging, the forest area decreasing from 295km² to 230 km², followed by a gradual recovering to 274km² and reaching 277km² in recent year. With the forest area gradually approaching the pre-logging level, the recovery rate decreasing as well, moreover, small-scale illegal logging is still damaging forest restoration. The heavily logged areas are concentrated mainly along the Sichanglada-Jueluohuo fire prevention road and in the southwestern region of the Yonghong conservation zone and the northern area of the Mani conservation point, resulting in the highly connected forestland in the reserve being blocked and divided into three zones. Among these, the Sichanglada-Jueluohuo fire prevention road area is the most severely affected and representative. Early-stage restoration efforts in this area did not reach the requirements for suitable habitat for Giant Pandas, improvement is in need, area is suitable for experimenting with forest recovery and protection measures. Conclusion: Forest fragmentation is pronounced within the reserve, with distinct separations between different blocks. It is necessary and urgent to carry out habitat restoration which aim at Giant Pandas` original habitat, establish Giant Pandas` habitat corridor, and strengthen control measures.

Key words: deforestation, forest restoration, moving window method, habitat of giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

S718.5

李辉,张群艳,蒲冠桦,尹华康,付励强,毛泽恩,张晋东. 马边大风顶保护区森林砍伐后大熊猫栖息地恢复过程[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(12): 191-200.

Hui Li,Qunyan Zhang,Guanhua Pu,Huakang Yin,Liqiang Fu,Zeen Mao,Jindong Zhang. Recovery Process of Giant Panda Habitat After Deforestation in the Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(12): 191-200.

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受验类型 Type of inspection	验证点总数 Total number of verification points	分类正确点数 Correct classification points	分类错误点数 Error classification points	分类精度 Classification accuracy	总精度 Total accuracy	Kappa系数 Kappa index
林地 Forestland	946	931	15	98.41%	96.95%	0.86
非林地 Non-forestland	137	119	18	86.86%	96.95%	0.86

项目Item		永红管护区 Yonghong conservation zone	沙腔管护区 Shaqiang conservation zone	高卓营管护区 Gaozhuoying conservation zone	白家湾管护区 Baijiawan conservation zone
各管护区总面积 Total area of each conservation zone/km²		221.0	55.7	24.9	63.9
大规模砍伐期 Massive deforest stage（1988—1999）	林地受损面积 Forest damaged area/km²	52.7	7.3	5.2	12.9
大规模砍伐期 Massive deforest stage（1988—1999）	林地受损比率 Forest damaged ratio（%）	23.8	13.1	20.8	20.2
恢复前期 Early recover stage （1999—2009）	林地受损面积 Forest damaged area/km²	7.9	2.8	1.4	6.5
	林地受损比率 Forest damaged ratio（%）	3.6	5.1	5.8	10.1
	林地恢复面积 Forest recovered area/km²	47.9	5.4	3.4	8.2
	林地恢复比率 Forest recovered ratio（%）	21.7	9.6	13.7	12.8
恢复后期（2009—2019） Later recover stage	林地受损面积 Forest damaged area/km²	14.9	2.9	3.3	3.2
	林地受损比率 Forest damaged ratio（%）	6.7	5.2	13.4	5.0
	林地恢复面积 Forest recovered area/km²	14.2	2.4	1.0	7.9
	林地恢复比率 Forest recovered ratio（%）	6.4	4.3	3.9	12.3

微生境信息种类 Types of microhabitat information	原始林 Primary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	人工林 Planted forest	F	P
竹种 Bamboo species	大叶筇竹 Chimonobambusa macrophylla	大叶筇竹 Chimonobambusa macrophylla	大叶筇竹 Chimonobambusa macrophylla
乔木郁闭度 Canopy density	0.354±0.162	0.030±0.094	0.528±0.205	74.864	<0.001
乔木胸径 Diameter at breast height of tree /cm	43.7±21.3	4.9±10.6	8.8±3.7	70.769	<0.001
乔木高度 Tree height /m	13.14±5.83	2.50±6.09	4.91±1.63	38.004	<0.001
竹子盖度 Bamboo coverage（%）	74.0±13.0	92.7±8.9	50.4±15.2	84.389	<0.001
竹子密度 Bamboo density /（plant·m^–2）	24.5±6.9	27.2±8.0	13.5±3.6	37.833	<0.001
竹子高度 Bamboo height /cm	282.3±63.1	357.9±54.3	204.8±37.7	63.150	<0.001
竹子基径 Bamboo base diameter /mm	13.06±2.40	16.42±2.17	13.98±1.47	21.638	<0.001

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