林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 104-114.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210944
刘南1(),曲鲁平1,*,汤行昊2,余海霞1,张子雷1,王浩1,邵长亮3,董刚4
收稿日期:
2021-12-26
出版日期:
2023-03-25
发布日期:
2023-05-27
通讯作者:
曲鲁平
E-mail:1200431006@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Nan Liu1(),Luping Qu1,*,Xinghao Tang2,Haixia Yu1,Zilei Zhang1,Hao Wang1,Changliang Shao3,Gang Dong4
Received:
2021-12-26
Online:
2023-03-25
Published:
2023-05-27
Contact:
Luping Qu
E-mail:1200431006@fafu.edu.cn
摘要:
目的: 探究木荷苗木光合特性与生长速率在控水和补水条件下对热浪频次的响应,为揭示木荷对极端高温事件的适应机制提供理论依据。方法: 以亚热带主要阔叶树种木荷苗木为试验材料,通过人工热浪模拟装置模拟自然热浪发生,构建控水和补水与不同热浪频次(无热浪、单次热浪、2次热浪)处理,分析木荷光合特性与生长速率在控水和补水条件下对不同频次热浪胁迫的抗性和恢复能力的差异。结果: 1) 补水条件下,单次热浪对木荷光合特性影响较弱,木荷可通过增加蒸腾速率(Tr)降低叶片温度,水分利用效率(WUE)显著降低,净光合速率(Pn)未出现显著变化;2) 控水条件下,单次热浪使木荷Pn在热浪阶段显著下降49%,未见Tr和WUE显著变化,但显著减缓热浪后木荷光合特性恢复过程;3) 2次热浪频次下,无论控水还是补水条件,木荷Pn在热浪阶段均显著下降(约46%和32%),虽然热浪后可恢复,但恢复过程受阻;多次热浪的影响存在累加效应,木荷对热浪胁迫的抗性和恢复能力减弱。结论: 控水和补水条件下,木荷光合特性与生长速率对不同频次热浪胁迫的抗性和恢复能力存在差异。补水条件下,木荷可通过生理调节机制保持较好的高温抗性,但该机制在控水条件下未发挥功效。高温与干旱复合胁迫显著影响木荷光合特性与生长速率,复合胁迫的影响强度超过单一因素影响的简单叠加。亚热带地区季节性高温与干旱复合胁迫或高频连续热浪的发生,可能显著改变木荷林的结构和功能,影响生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。
中图分类号:
刘南,曲鲁平,汤行昊,余海霞,张子雷,王浩,邵长亮,董刚. 水分条件和热浪频次对木荷苗木光合特性与生长速率的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 104-114.
Nan Liu,Luping Qu,Xinghao Tang,Haixia Yu,Zilei Zhang,Hao Wang,Changliang Shao,Gang Dong. Effects of Water Conditions and Heat Wave Frequency on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth Rate of Schima superba Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 104-114.
图2
控水和补水条件及不同频次热浪下的木荷光合指标绝对差值动态变化 图中数据点为控水和补水条件下,热浪组与非热浪组之间光合指标的差值,WH1-C:补水单次热浪处理组与对照组之间光合指标的差值;WH2-C:补水2次热浪处理组与对照组之间光合指标的差值;DH1-D:控水单次热浪处理组与干旱组之间光合指标的差值;DH2-D:控水2次热浪处理组与干旱组之间光合指标的差值。其中,负值表示热浪产生的抑制作用;正值表示热浪产生的促进作用。图中浅灰色区域为第1次模拟热浪阶段,深灰色区域为第2次模拟热浪阶段。The plots in the figure depict the difference (Δ) of photosynthetic indexes between heat wave and non-heat wave groups, under normal and abundant water supply; WH1-C: the difference between the single heat wave treatment group and the control group (abundant water supply); WH2-C: the difference between the two heat wave group and the control group (abundant water supply); DH1-D: the difference between the single heat wave treatment group and the control group (normal water supply); DH2-D: the difference between the two heat wave group and the control group (normal water supply). Negative value indicates inhibition by the heat wave(s); positive values indicate stimulation by heat wave(s). The light gray area in the figures depicts the first imposed heat wave, and the dark gray area is the second imposed heat wave."
表1
控水和补水条件及不同频次热浪下木荷光合指标影响的双因素方差分析①"
处理Treatment | 自由度df | P值(P-value) | |||||
蒸腾速率Tr/ (mmol·m?2 s?1) | 净光合速率Pn/(μmol·m?2 s?1) | 水分利用效率WUE/(g·kg?1) | 气孔导度Gs /(mol· m?2 s?1) | 叶片蒸汽压亏缺VPDleaf/kPa | 实际光化学效率ΦPSII | ||
控水 Water control (a) | 1 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.027 | 0.819 | 0.671 |
热浪 Heat wave (b) | 2 | 0.684 | 0.044 | 0.237 | 0.307 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
a ×b | 2 | 0.005 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.495 |
图3
模拟热浪最后1日控水和补水及不同热浪频次下木荷光合指标变化 图中数据为10−19光合指标数据(平均值±标准误差),不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05,邓肯检验)。The data in this figure depict the photosynthetic parameter data on 10−19 (mean ± SE), i.e. the last day of the second heat wave period. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan’s test)."
表2
控水与补水条件下不同频次热浪对木荷光合指标恢复过程影响的重复测定方差分析①"
处理Treatment | 自由度df | P | |||||
蒸腾速率Tr/(mmol·m?2 s?1) | 净光合速率Pn /(μmol·m?2 s?1) | 水分利用效率WUE /(g·kg?1 ) | 气孔导度Gs /(mol·m?2 s?1) | 叶片蒸汽压亏缺VPDleaf/kPa | 实际光化学效率ΦPSII | ||
控水 Water control (a) | 1 | 0.210 | 0.108 | 0.151 | 0.274 | 0.961 | 0.206 |
热浪 Heat wave (b) | 2 | 0.192 | 0.002 | 0.060 | 0.244 | <0.001 | 0.022 |
a × b | 2 | 0.424 | 0.013 | 0.041 | 0.896 | 0.137 | 0.377 |
时间Time(c) | 3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
a × c | 3 | 0.420 | 0.768 | 0.066 | 0.916 | 0.723 | 0.454 |
b × c | 6 | 0.033 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.880 | <0.001 | 0.436 |
a ×b×c | 6 | 0.193 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.348 | 0.017 | 0.624 |
图6
热浪处理30天后不同水分处理及热浪频次下的木荷叶片光合指标(大图)及恢复(小图)情况 图中数据为11–19光合指标数据(平均值± 标准误差),不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05,邓肯检验)。小图中Δ表示该指标在热浪后30日(11–19日)与第2次热浪事件最后1日(10–19日)差值。图中* 表示P < 0.05;** 表示P < 0.05(配对样本t检验)。The data in this figure was the photosynthetic parameters data in 11-19 (Mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan test). Δ-value in the small figure indicated the differences between the value 30-days after heat waves and the last day during second heat wave event. Level of significance are * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 (by paired t-tests), respectively."
表3
控水与补水条件下不同频次热浪对木荷生长速率的影响(均值± 标准误)①"
处理Treatment | 苗高H0 /cm | 苗高H1 /cm | 苗高相对增长率RGR-H/(mm·month?1) | 地径B0/ mm | 地径B1/mm | 地径相对增长率RGR-B/ (mm·month?1) |
C | 47.96±2.82 | 52.28±2.82 | 0.17±0.07 | 4.26±0.21 | 6.58±0.40 | 0.08±0.01 |
D | 50.12±1.26 | 56.74±2.27 | 0.24±0.12 | 3.94±0.24 | 5.92±0.24 | 0.08±0.01 |
WH1 | 43.34±4.53 | 48.50±5.29 | 0.22±0.04 | 4.65±0.17 | 6.09±0.28 | 0.05±0.01 |
DH1 | 46.80±3.57 | 53.18±3.96 | 0.25±0.18 | 4.78±0.12 | 6.44±0.30 | 0.06±0.01 |
WH2 | 53.76±2.73 | 59.12±3.97 | 0.18±0.10 | 4.21±0.24 | 6.75±0.21 | 0.09±0.01 |
DH2 | 53.82±1.73 | 60.56±2.55 | 0.23±0.10 | 4.31±0.59 | 6.64±0.20 | 0.09±0.01 |
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