松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅱ.雌成螨的移动和趋性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220815

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究松天牛小首螨的移动能力和趋性，为科学评价其生物防治潜能，建立野外保护利用方法等提供重要依据。方法: 通过显微摄录、行为测定和控制试验，研究松天牛小首螨雌成螨的平移能力、垂直趋向性、上行能力、对光照和松褐天牛成虫及卵的趋向性。结果: 雌成螨的移动能力较强，在水平方向上，0~8天龄雌成螨的平均移动速度为2.17 cm·min^-1，其中以0天龄的移动速度最快，达2.63 cm·min^-1，8天龄的移动速度最慢，为1.32 cm·min^-1，其移动速度随日龄增长显著下降；在垂直方向上，雌成螨具有显著的上行习性，1~3 h内上行的个体数量是下行的9.7倍；在野外毛竹秆基部放螨1~3天后，上行到5、7、8和9 m及以上高度的雌成螨分别占放螨总量的26.75%~41.75%、18.15%~31.35%、12.00%~26.95%和7.30%~20.75%。同时，雌成螨对光照、松褐天牛卵和雌、雄成虫均表现出显著的趋向性。在400~2 000 lx光照强度范围内其对光照区域的趋向选择率是遮光区域的8.1倍；在松褐天牛诱源和空白对照均光照、均遮光或松褐天牛诱源光照且空白对照遮光等条件下，雌成螨对松褐天牛卵或雌、雄成虫的趋向选择率均显著高于相应的空白对照。结论: 松天牛小首螨雌成螨具有较强的移动能力和显著的上行习性、趋光性与寄主趋向性，这些习性有利于该螨在野外高效搜索寄生松褐天牛卵，或聚集到松褐天牛成虫体表携播，表现出较强的生防应用潜能。在未来生物防治实践中，可以考虑利用黑色容器封装该螨膨腹体，并在松树树干基部释放。

关键词: 松天牛小首螨, 移动能力, 趋性, 松褐天牛, 松材线虫病

Abstract:

Objective: The mobility and tropism of natural enemy insects or mites are important factors that affect their biological control effects on pests. Understanding the mobility and tropism of Paracarophenax alternatus, a mite, can provide important basis for scientific evaluation of its biological control potential and formulation of its field protection and utilization methods for biological control. Method: In this study, the translational ability, vertical tropism, ascending ability, phototropism, and Monochamus alternatus adults and eggs tropism of the female adult of P. alternatus were investigated through micro-photography, behavioral measurement and control experiments. Result: The female adult of P. alternatus had strong mobility. In the horizontal direction, the average crawling speed of female adult mites from 0- to 8-day-old was 2.17 cm ·min^-1. The 0-day-old female adult mites had the highest crawling speed up to 2.63 cm·min^-1, while the crawling speed of the 8-days-old female adult mites was the slowest, with only 1.32 cm·min^-1. With the increase of the day-age, the crawling speed showed a significant downward trend; In the vertical direction, the female adult mites had significant upward-crawling habit. The upward-crawling individuals within 1-3 hours were 9.7 times that of down-crawling ones. After releasing mites at the base of bamboo stalk in the wild for 1 to 3 days, the female adult mites ascending to 5, 7, 8 and 9 m and above accounted for 26.75%-41.75%, 18.15%-31.35%, 12.00%-26.95% and 7.30%-20.75% of the total mites, respectively. At the same time, the female adult of P. alternatus showed significant phototaxis and tropism to M. alternatus adult and eggs. In the range of the light intensity from 400 lx to 2 000 lx, the selection rate of the mites to light area was 8.1 times that of it to dark area. P. alternatus' selection rate to M. alternatus male, female and eggs was significantly higher than that of the blank control under the conditions of illumination, shading or M. alternatus illuminated with blank control shaded. Conclusion: The female adult of P. alternatus has strong mobility, upward-crawling habit, significant phototaxis and host tropism. These characteristics are helpful for the mite to efficiently search for the host eggs or gather on the body surface of M. alternatus adults to phoresy in the wild. Hence, it is a biological control factor with great application potential. In future biological control practices, it is recommended to encapsulate the mites in black or dark containers and then release from the base of pine trunks.

Key words: Paracarophenax alternatus, mobility, tropism, Monochamus alternatus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

中图分类号:

S718.7

李俊楠,陈润恺,付煜,蔡梦玲,黄炳荣,徐云,吴松青,张飞萍. 松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅱ.雌成螨的移动和趋性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 149-156.

Junnan Li,Runkai Chen,Yu Fu,Mengling Cai,Bingrong Huang,Yun Xu,Songqing Wu,Feiping Zhang. Research on Paracarophenax alternatusⅡ. Mobility and Tropism of Female Adults[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(8): 149-156.

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日龄 Days-age/d	极小值 Min	极大值 Max	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval for mean		平均平移速度 Mean crawling speed (Mean ± SE)
日龄 Days-age/d	极小值 Min	极大值 Max	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound	平均平移速度 Mean crawling speed (Mean ± SE)
0	1.20	4.44	2.49	2.76	2.63 ± 0.07a
1	1.14	3.36	2.12	2.45	2.28 ± 0.08ab
2	1.14	4.20	2.32	2.73	2.52 ± 0.10a
3	0.84	4.14	2.42	2.84	2.63 ± 0.11a
4	0.90	3.60	2.14	2.57	2.35 ± 0.11ab
5	0.84	3.42	1.96	2.37	2.16 ± 0.10b
6	0.60	3.24	1.60	2.02	1.81± 0.11c
7	0.36	3.06	1.17	1.50	1.33 ± 0.08d
8	0.42	2.34	1.18	1.45	1.32 ± 0.07d
总体 Total	0.36	4.44	2.09	2.24	2.17 ± 0.04

时间 Time/h	趋向选择 Vertical tropism	松天牛小首螨数量 Number of P. alternatus(Mean ± SE)	极小值 Min	极大值 Max	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval for mean
时间 Time/h	趋向选择 Vertical tropism	松天牛小首螨数量 Number of P. alternatus(Mean ± SE)	极小值 Min	极大值 Max	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound
1	向上 Up	17.6 ± 2.3	11	25	11.2	24.0
1	向下 Down	1.4 ± 0.8	0	4	0.0	3.5
2	向上 Up	19.8 ± 2.0	16	26	14.2	25.3
2	向下 Down	2.8 ± 1.2	0	6	0.0	6.0
3	向上 Up	18.2 ± 2.1	11	24	12.3	24.1
3	向下 Down	1.6 ± 0.7	0	4	0.0	3.5
总体 Total	向上 Up	18.5 ± 1.2	11	26	16.0	21.1
总体 Total	向下 Down	1.9 ± 0.5	0	6	0.9	3.0

光照强度 Light intensity/lx	亮 Light			暗 Dark
	选择率 Selection percentage (Mean ± SE)	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval for mean		选择率 Selection percentage (Mean ± SE)	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval for mean
	选择率 Selection percentage (Mean ± SE)	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound	选择率 Selection percentage (Mean ± SE)	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound
400	40.8 ± 6.4	22.9	58.7	4.4 ± 1.2	1.2	7.6
600	41.2± 9.1	16.0	66.4	2.8 ± 0.5	1.4	4.2
800	39.6 ± 3.4	30.1	49.1	8.8 ± 1.6	4.3	13.3
1 000	35.2 ± 2.0	29.8	40.6	2.8 ± 0.5	1.4	4.2
1 200	36.8 ± 2.8	29.0	44.6	8.8 ± 2.7	1.4	16.2
1 400	33.6 ± 7.0	14.3	53.0	7.6 ± 1.9	2.2	13.0
1 600	36.4 ± 3.1	27.9	44.9	4.0 ± 1.7	0.0	8.7
1 800	36.0 ± 2.3	29.7	42.3	2.0 ± 0.9	0.0	4.5
2 000	51.2 ± 7.1	31.5	70.9	2.0 ± 0.9	0.0	4.5
总体 Total	39.0 ± 1.8	35.4	42.6	4.8 ± 0.6	3.6	6.0

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