松褐天牛成虫松材线虫病的传播能力

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140711

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确松褐天牛成虫传播松材线虫病的能力，通过室内和林间试验，对新羽化的松褐天牛成虫补充营养时所取食的健康马尾松当年生嫩梢表面积进行测量，计算出其整个成虫期补充营养所取食嫩枝的表面积，比照林间自然界中松褐天牛补充营养的表面积，以此来确定每头松褐天牛成虫传播松材线虫病的能力，即1头成虫能够传播松材线虫的寄主株数。试验观察发现，在林间自然条件下，松褐天牛成虫补充营养取食的部位主要为1年生嫩枝（占81.96%）、2和3年生枝条的皮部。实际测定结果表明，1头松褐天牛成虫通过补充营养阶段的取食，可使4.06株（1.0~12.9株）平均树龄为18年（14~23年）的马尾松因感染松材线虫病而致死。这说明松褐天牛具有较强的传播松材线虫病的能力，在松材线虫病疫区，通过调查松褐天牛的种群数量，就可以预测松材线虫病发生和致死寄主树木的数量以及发生面积；同时也说明，防治松褐天牛是控制松材线虫病的关键环节。

关键词: 松褐天牛, 松材线虫病, 取食面积, 森林有害生物

Abstract:

To determine the capacity of transmiting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by the vector Monochamus alternatus adults, the supplementary nutrition on cortical part of twigs was investigated in glass jars indoor and in wire mesh in forest with pine sawyer beetle adults newly eclipsed throughout its lifespan. The results indicated that the main parts that pine sawyer beetles feeded on were the cortical part of 1-year-old young twigs (accounted 81.96%), 2-year-old and 3-year-old branchs. The adults' feeding area in wire mesh was compared with the feeding area in forest. The data showed that one M. alternatus adult could kill 4.06(1.0-12.9) of P. massoniana plants at 18(14-23)-year-old, demonstrating that M. alternatus adults had a huge transmitting capacity of B. xylophilus. In the epidemic area of pine wilt disease, the death number of host trees caused by the disease and the disease occurrence area could be predicted through the survey on the population of pine sawyer. Simultaneously, the data also showed that control of pine sawyer beetles was a key link of combating with pine wilt disease.

Key words: Monochamus alternatus, pine wilt disease, feeding area, forest pest

中图分类号:

S763.306

展茂魁, 杨忠岐, 王小艺, 来燕学, 张毅丰. 松褐天牛成虫松材线虫病的传播能力[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(7): 74-81.

Zhan Maokui, Yang Zhongqi, Wang Xiaoyi, Lai Yanxue, Zhang Yifeng. Capacity of Transmitting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by the Vector Monochamus alternatus Adults[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(7): 74-81.

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