基于胡杨年轮的塔里木河下游地下水埋深历史重建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180402

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]采用树木年轮技术重建塔里木河下游地下水历史变化动态过程，以期弥补塔里木河下游地下水埋深历史数据资料的不足，为干旱区内陆河流域地下水埋深重建研究提供一个新方法。[方法]以荒漠河岸林建群植物胡杨为对象，于2015年9月在塔里木河下游英苏断面共钻取胡杨年轮样芯58个，经Cofecha交叉定年程序和Arstan软件，选用48个样芯建立胡杨年轮宽度年表。采用滑动t-检验、M-K趋势检验、累积曲线分析胡杨轮宽指数和地下水埋深变化趋势，采用频率分布、方差分析、相关分析和线性回归，分析轮宽指数与气温、降水量、径流和地下水埋深关系。[结果]塔里木河下游英苏断面的胡杨树龄为40~80年，超过60年的树木均有不同程度的心腐现象，未发现100年以上木质部保存完好的胡杨；塔里木河下游胡杨年表突变时间分别为1957，1967，1975和2000年；区域气温和降水量对胡杨年轮宽影响并不显著；采用胡杨年轮宽度重建了塔里木河下游英苏断面近83年来的地下水埋深历史变化，其重建结果与区域水文记录基本一致。[结论]塔里木河下游胡杨年轮的形成受气温和降水量的影响不显著；胡杨年轮可作为研究塔里木河下游地下水位变化过程的一个新生态指标。

关键词: 树木年代学, 胡杨, 地下水埋深, 历史重建, 干旱区内陆河流域

Abstract: [Objective] To compensate a lack of historical data of underground water level in the Lower Tarim River and provide a new method for reconstructing historical changes of underground water level in the arid inland river basin.[Method] Populus euphratica, a dominant species of desert riparian forest, was studied. A total of 58 tree rings were cored from 29 P. euphratica trees in Yingsu section of the Lower Tarim River in September, 2015.48 cores were selected using software of Cofecha and Arstan to set up the width chronology of P. euphratica. The change trends of chronology and underground water level were analyzed by moving-t test, Mann-Kendall trend test and cumulative curve. Relationships between tree ring width and temperature, precipitation, underground water level were analyzed using the Frequencies, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Regression Models.[Results]The tree ages of P. euphratica ranged from 40-80 years. Rotten xylem usually occurred when P. euphratica was more than 60 years, and no more than 100 years old P. enphratica with healthy xylem were found in the Yingsu section of Lower Tarim River. Step change point of standard chronology of P. euphratica was 1957, 1967, 1975, and 2000, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the regional climate change factors (temperature, precipitation) and chronology of P. euphratica. Main environmental information of tree rings of P. euphratica was the hydrological process. We successfully reconstructed the historical change of underground water levels from 1933 to 2015 using tree ring width of P. euphratica, which was consistent with the historical records of regional hydrological process.[Conclusions]Effects of regional temperature and precipitation on tree rings of P. euphratica were not significant in the Lower Tarim River. Tree ring of P. euphratica mainly carried the hydrological information, so it could be a new index for researching the historical changes of underground water level in the Lower Tarim River.

Key words: chronology, Populus euphratica, underground water level, reconstruction, arid inland river basin

中图分类号:

S715
Q149

周洪华, 李卫红, 孙慧兰. 基于胡杨年轮的塔里木河下游地下水埋深历史重建[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(4): 11-16.

Zhou Honghua, Li Weihong, Sun Huilan. Reconstruction of Groundwater Depth using Tree-Rings of Populus euphratica in the Lower Tarim River[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(4): 11-16.

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