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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 79-85.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220309

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明纹侧柏松毛虫成虫羽化及生殖行为

荆小院1,闫玮华1,刘红霞2,许胜利3,靳嵘4,高茹3,宗世祥5,张金桐2,*   

  1. 1. 山西农业大学(山西省农业科学院)生命科学学院 太谷 030801
    2. 山西农业大学(山西省农业科学院)基础部 太谷 030801
    3. 内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市森林病虫害防治检疫站 鄂尔多斯 017000
    4. 内蒙古自治区准格尔旗森林病虫害防治检疫站 准格尔旗 017100
    5. 北京林业大学林学院 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 张金桐
  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技计划"影响北京生态安全的重大钻蛀性害虫防控技术研究与示范"(Z171100001417005);国家重点研发计划"人工林重大灾害防控关键技术研究"(2018YFD0600200)

Emergence and Reproductive Behavior of Dendrolimus suffuscus illustratus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

Xiaoyuan Jing1,Weihua Yan1,Hongxia Liu2,Shengli Xu3,Rong Jin4,Ru Gao3,Shixiang Zong5,Jintong Zhang2,*   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Shanxi Agriculture University (Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science) Taigu 030801
    2. Department of Basic Courses; Shanxi Agriculture University (Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science) Taigu 030801
    3. Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ordos 017000
    4. Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Jungar County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jungar 017100
    5. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
  • Received:2020-12-01 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-06-02
  • Contact: Jintong Zhang

摘要:

目的: 研究明纹侧柏松毛虫(柏科林木的主要食叶性害虫)羽化、求偶和交配行为的规律,并通过林间诱蛾试验测试雌雄蛾之间的引诱活性,以期为明纹侧柏松毛虫性信息素的提取和鉴定提供依据。方法: 于2019、2020年通过室外笼内人工饲养观察和野外诱蛾的方法,观察明纹侧柏松毛虫成虫羽化和生殖生物学节律。结果: 成虫羽化集中在晚上(19:00—2:00),日羽化高峰集中在21:00。2019年与2020年的羽化期不同。2019年养虫笼内的蛹7月初开始羽化,7月底进入羽化高峰期(7月29日左右),8月中旬羽化逐渐减少;2020年养虫笼内的蛹羽化日期晚于2019年,7月中旬开始羽化,8月中旬进入羽化高峰期(8月11日左右),之后逐渐降低。在羽化高峰期之前,雄蛾羽化数量多于雌蛾,高峰期后,雌蛾羽化数量较雄蛾多。2019、2020年的成虫羽化率分别为83.8%、88.5%。雌雄蛾的性别比例为1∶1.04(2019)和1∶1.01(2020)。未交配雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为4.05、5.84天,交配后雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为3.69、5.33天。雌蛾在羽化当日即观察到有求偶行为,求偶行为均发生在晚上,其中1日龄和2日龄成虫在晚上的第6~8 h求偶率最高,分别为40%和45.5%,之后随着日龄增大,求偶行为提前且求偶率逐渐下降。交配与求偶节律一致,其中2日龄成虫在晚上的第6~8 h交配率最高(45%),随着日龄的增大,交配行为提前且交配率下降。交配与未交配雌蛾均可产卵,交配后的雌蛾产卵量为154.1粒,卵平均孵化率为94.8%;未交配雌蛾产卵量为160.7粒,卵孵化率为0。野外诱蛾试验表明,处女蛾均可引诱到雄蛾,其中2日龄处女蛾诱蛾量显著高于其他日龄的雌蛾,而空白诱捕器和雄蛾均未引诱到成虫。结论: 明纹侧柏松毛虫的成虫羽化和生殖行为存在明显的时辰节律。日龄是影响成虫求偶与交配行为的主要因素之一,随着日龄的增大,成虫的求偶和交配行为发生的时间提前,且求偶率与交配率降低。

关键词: 明纹侧柏松毛虫, 羽化, 求偶, 交配, 田间诱蛾

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the emergence, courtship and mating behavior of Dendrolimus suffuscus illustratus were investigated to explore its law of courtship and mating, and the attraction activity between male and female moths was tested through the experiment of trapping moths in the forest. This study aims to lay a foundation for the extraction and identification of sex pheromone of D. suffuscus illustratus. Method: This experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 to observe the eclosion and reproductive biological rhythm of D. suffuscus illustratus by artificially rearing in outdoor cages and trapping moths in the field. Result: The results showed that adult eclosion was concentrated in the dark period (19:00-2:00), and the daily eclosion peak was concentrated at 21:00. The eclosion period in 2019 was different from that in 2020. In 2019, the pupae in the cage began to emerge in early July, and reached the peak in late July (around July 29), and gradually decreased in mid-August. In 2020, the pupae in the cage emerged later than that in 2019, and began to emerge in mid-July, and entered the peak in mid-August (around August 11), and then gradually decreased. The number of emerged male moths was more than that of emerged female moths before the emergence peak, while the number of female moths was more than that of male moths after the peak. The emergence rates of adults in 2019 and 2020 were 83.8% and 88.5%, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female moths was 1∶1.04 (2019) and 1∶1.01 (2020). The average life span of unmated male and female moths was 4.05 and 5.84 d, respectively, and the average life span of mated female and male moths was 3.69 and 5.33 d, respectively. The courtship behavior of female moths was observed on the day of eclosion. The courtship behavior occurred in the dark period. The highest courtship rate of 1-day-old and 2-day-old adults was 40% and 45.5% respectively during the 6-8 h of the dark period. With the increase of age, the courtship behavior was advanced and the courtship rate decreased gradually. The rhythm of mating and courtship was consistent. The mating rate of 2-day-old adults was the highest (45%) at 6-8 h in the dark stage. With the increase of age, the mating behavior was advanced and the mating rate decreased. Both mated and unmated females were able to lay eggs. After mating, the average number of eggs laid by females was 154.1, and the average hatching rate was 94.8%. The average number of eggs laid by unmated females was 160.7 and the hatching rate was 0. The results showed that virgin moths could attract male moths in the field. The number of male moths trapped by 2-day-old virgin moths was significantly higher than that by other female moths. However, neither the blank trap nor the male moth attracted the adults. Conclusion: The emergence and reproductive behavior of D. suffuscus illustratus have obvious time rhythm. The day age is one of the main factors affecting the behavior of courtship and mating. With the increase of age, the time of courtship and mating is advanced, and the courtship rate and mating rate decrease.

Key words: Dendrolimus suffuscus illustratus, emergence, courtship, mating, field trap

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