林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 131-141.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210714
方旋1,温敬伟2,陈粤3,范敏3,马星霞1,*
收稿日期:
2021-03-16
出版日期:
2021-07-25
发布日期:
2021-09-02
通讯作者:
马星霞
基金资助:
Xuan Fang1,Jingwei Wen2,Yue Chen3,Min Fan3,Xingxia Ma1,*
Received:
2021-03-16
Online:
2021-07-25
Published:
2021-09-02
Contact:
Xingxia Ma
摘要:
目的: 研究原位保存与展示环境下南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽的真菌多样性,分析其真菌败坏状况,为评估木质水槽微生物病害以及进一步研发本体保护方案提供依据。方法: 对疑似真菌生长的木质水槽和真菌子实体样本取样,传统组织分离和培养技术与现代Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析样本真菌群落多样性信息。结果: 根据疑似真菌生长典型症状取得4份木质样本,在水槽附近土壤中采集1份子实体样本。采用传统组织分离技术从4份木质样本中分离到11种子囊菌,其中青霉菌和木霉菌分离比例较高;子实体培养物经鉴定为纯黄白鬼伞菌。高通量测序结果显示:4份木质样本含有的真菌序列操作分类单元分别为182、168、213和191,真菌群落多样性较丰富;4份木质样本均检测到的真菌种类22种,占比较高的优势菌有外瓶霉菌、曲霉菌、畸腔菌和纯黄白鬼伞菌,丰度分别为16.38%、12.96%、9.27%和8.54%;子实体培养物纯黄白鬼伞菌在4份木质样本中均被检测到,且丰度较高。结论: 在现有精细保存环境中,南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽的真菌多样性依然丰富,检测到的一些真菌对木质文物以及环境具有潜在风险,有必要根据分离到的真菌筛选新的杀菌剂,研发新的防霉防腐技术,为原位保存与展示的出土木质文物以及博物馆内健康环境提供进一步的保护措施。
中图分类号:
方旋,温敬伟,陈粤,范敏,马星霞. 南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽原位保存环境下的真菌多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(7): 131-141.
Xuan Fang,Jingwei Wen,Yue Chen,Min Fan,Xingxia Ma. Fungal Diversity of Wooden Flume Unearthed from Nanyue National Palace Site under in situ Preservation Environment[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(7): 131-141.
表1
各样本分离到的真菌"
样本号 Specimen number | 病害症状 Symptoms | 分离到的真菌 Species isolated from each specimen | 分离到的真菌数目 Amount of fungi isolated |
YN1 | 白色斑点 White spot | 青霉菌Penicillium 拟青霉菌Paecilomyces | 2 1 |
YN2 | 片层革质 Lamellar leathery | 枝顶孢霉菌Acremonium 聚壳座菌Eutypella 青霉菌Penicillium | 1 1 2 |
YN3 | 丝状物 Filaments | 节菱孢霉菌Arthrinium 镰孢菌Fusarium 枝孢瓶霉菌Cladophialophora 木霉菌Trichoderma | 2 1 1 3 |
YN4 | 白色粉质状 White powdery | 篮状菌Talaromyces 曲霉菌Aspergillus 木霉菌Trichoderma 青霉菌Penicillium 镰孢菌Fusarium | 1 2 2 1 1 |
YN5 | 子实体Fruiting body | 纯黄白鬼伞菌Leucocoprinus birnbaumii | 1 |
表2
样本α多样性指数"
样本号 Specimen number | 净序列 Clean_tags | Chao1值 Chao1 | 操作分类单元 OTUs | Shannon值 Shannon | Simpson值 Simpson | Good’s_coverage指标 Good’s_coverage | 谱系多样性指数 PD whole tree |
YN1 | 223 831 | 217.64 | 182 | 4.58 | 0.91 | 1.0 | 42.83 |
YN2 | 29 684 | 200.62 | 168 | 2.77 | 0.69 | 1.0 | 38.76 |
YN3 | 75 358 | 255.78 | 213 | 2.58 | 0.73 | 1.0 | 47.01 |
YN4 | 84 821 | 227.39 | 191 | 3.23 | 0.74 | 1.0 | 44.39 |
表3
所有样本共有的真菌种类"
序号Order | 真菌种类Species of fungi | 操作分类单元OTUs |
1 | Colacogloea | OTU_133 |
2 | 外瓶霉菌Exophiala | OTU_137 |
3 | 畸腔菌Teratosphaeria | OTU_165 |
4 | 青霉菌Penicillium | OTU_196 |
5 | 高山被孢霉菌Mortierella alpina | OTU_197 |
6 | 粪壳菌纲Sordariomycetes | OTU_198/OTU_368 |
7 | 红酵母菌Rhodotorula | OTU_205 |
8 | 金孢子菌Chrysosporium | OTU_212 |
9 | 柔膜菌目Helotiales | OTU_214 |
10 | 煤炱目Capnodiales | OTU_238 |
11 | 镰孢菌Fusarium | OTU_244 |
12 | 格孢腔目Pleosporales | OTU_249 |
13 | 肉座菌目Hypocreales | OTU_280/OTU_334 |
14 | 曲霉菌Aspergillus | OTU_294/OTU_319/OTU_325 |
15 | 麦角菌Xylariales | OTU_353 |
16 | 长孢被孢霉菌Mortierella elongata | OTU_375 |
17 | 帚状费尔氏酵母Fellomyces penicillatus | OTU_446 |
18 | 费尔氏酵母Fellomyces borneensis | OTU_452 |
19 | 纯黄白鬼伞Leucocoprinus birnbaumii | OTU_5 |
20 | 刺盾炱目Chaetothyriales | OTU_56/OTU_75 |
21 | 枝孢瓶霉菌Cladophialophora | OTU_73 |
22 | 木霉菌Trichoderma | OTU_92 |
表4
样本优势菌分布及所占比例"
优势菌种 Dominant species | 所有样本中的平均占比 Average percentage in all samples (%) | YN1样本中的占比 Percentage in YN1(%) | YN2样本中的占比 Percentage in YN2(%) | YN3样本中的占比 Percentage in YN3(%) | YN4样本中的占比 Percentage in YN4(%) |
外瓶霉菌Exophiala | 16.38 | 12.000 | 53.000 | 0.400 | 0.100 |
曲霉菌Aspergillus | 12.96 | 0.600 | 0.030 | 0.200 | 51.000 |
畸腔菌Teratosphaeria | 9.27 | 22.000 | 13.000 | 0.080 | 2.000 |
纯黄白鬼伞Leucocoprinus birnbaumii | 8.54 | 0.100 | 0.030 | 34.000 | 0.030 |
费尔氏酵母Fellomyces | 4.48 | 5.000 | 12.000 | 0.100 | 0.800 |
木霉菌Trichoderma | 2.85 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 11.000 | 0.400 |
枝孢瓶霉菌Cladophialophora | 2.60 | 5.000 | 1.000 | 4.000 | 0.400 |
镰孢菌Fusarium | 2.51 | 5.000 | 1.000 | 0.050 | 4.000 |
红酵母菌Rhodotorula cycloclastica | 2.01 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 0.020 | 0.007 |
Colacogloea | 1.51 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 0.030 | 1.000 |
青霉菌Penicillium | 1.26 | 3.000 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 2.000 |
Papiliotrema mangalensis | 0.88 | 3.000 | 0.500 | 0 | 0 |
Acremoniopsis suttonii | 0.55 | 2.000 | 0.200 | 0 | 0 |
Saitozyma podzolica | 0.55 | 0.200 | 0 | 0 | 2.000 |
Cyphellophora europaea | 0.38 | 1.000 | 0.200 | 0 | 0.300 |
Collarina aurantiaca | 0.26 | 1.000 | 0.050 | 0 | 0 |
黑葱花霉菌Periconia | 0.25 | 1.000 | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0 |
网状蜡孔菌Ceriporia reticulata | 0.25 | 1.000 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uncispora sinensis | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 0.003 |
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