林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 126-138.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210213
安瑞志,张鹏,达珍,乔楠茜,汤秋月,巴桑*
收稿日期:
2020-08-05
出版日期:
2021-02-25
发布日期:
2021-03-29
通讯作者:
巴桑
基金资助:
Ruizhi An,Peng Zhang,Zhen Da,Nanqian Qiao,Qiuyue Tang,Sang Ba*
Received:
2020-08-05
Online:
2021-02-25
Published:
2021-03-29
Contact:
Sang Ba
摘要:
目的: 探究西藏麦地卡湿地国家级自然保护区不同水文期原生动物群落优势种生态位及种间联结性,揭示不同水文期原生动物群落优势种的资源利用状况、功能地位及生态适应性等相关信息,为进一步研究麦地卡湿地原生动物群落的稳定性和空间分布格局提供依据。方法: 根据麦地卡湿地的生态环境特征、功能分区与梯度结构等特征,设置14个采样点,于2018年7月(丰水期)和10月(枯水期)用25#浮游生物网采集水样168个,运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、生态响应速率、总体联结性、χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分比(PC)以及点相关系数(φ)等方法,分析优势种的生态位及种间联结性。结果: 1)麦地卡湿地丰水期共鉴定出原生动物141种,枯水期共鉴定出原生动物138种。其中优势种9种,隶属2门5属,倒卵形隐滴虫和球形砂壳虫是2个不同水文期共有优势种,优势种出现频率、丰度和优势度在不同水文期均有差异;2)麦地卡湿地原生动物优势种由广生态位种、中生态位种和窄生态位种组成,并以广生态位种占主导地位;种对间生态位重叠值差异较大,最大值和最小值分别为1和0.001,且生态位重叠程度不高,种间竞争弱;2个水文期生态响应速率之和均为正数,表明麦地卡湿地原生动物群落处于发展阶段;3)麦地卡湿地2个水文期优势种间总体上均呈显著正关联,大多数种对的关联性未达到显著水平(χ2>3.841),种间关系较为松散。结论: 在麦地卡湿地原生动物群落优势种中,丰水期的波豆虫属、枯水期的吻状隐滴虫以及2个水文期均为优势种的球形砂壳虫等对环境的适应性能力强,具有较广的生态适应幅度;而丰水期的小茄壳虫和枯水期的钟形钟虫等对水环境条件变化比较敏感,适应性较弱;部分优势种种间生态位重叠与宽度特征并不一致,如枯水期的蛋白核隐滴虫和回转隐滴虫的重叠值高但生态位宽度较小;麦地卡湿地原生动物群落物种组成和优势种等群落结构较为稳定且存在正向演替的趋势,但优势种之间以及各优势种与环境之间未达到相对的动态平衡,原生动物群落仍处于发展阶段,尚未演替至顶级阶段。
中图分类号:
安瑞志,张鹏,达珍,乔楠茜,汤秋月,巴桑. 西藏麦地卡湿地不同水文期原生动物优势种生态位及其种间联结性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(2): 126-138.
Ruizhi An,Peng Zhang,Zhen Da,Nanqian Qiao,Qiuyue Tang,Sang Ba. Niche and Interspecific Association of Dominant Protozoan Species Under Different Hydrologic Periods in the Mitika Wetland of Tibet, China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 126-138.
表1
麦地卡湿地样点基本信息"
编号 No. | 样点名称 Sample name | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude/m | 水温 WT/℃ | pH | 盐度 Salt/(mg·L-1) | 溶解氧 DO/(mg·L-1) | 生境类型 Habitat type |
M1 | 麦地藏布上游Upper Reaches of the Miti Tsangpo | 93°02′49.21″ | 31°05′20.91″ | 4 944 | 8.22±4.28 | 7.81±0.45 | 60.00±15.07 | 6.79±0.85 | 河流River |
M2 | 热达曲Redaqu | 92°57′28.44″ | 31°05′48.58″ | 4 885 | 6.00±3.23 | 7.65±0.17 | 89.45±13.89 | 7.64±0.95 | 河流River |
M3 | 瓦瑞措Waruicuo | 92°56′50.04″ | 31°06′40.62″ | 4 888 | 8.32±5.09 | 8.35±0.46 | 26.47±4.13 | 6.61±1.4 | 湖泊Lake |
M4 | 玛荣曲Marongqu | 92°51′24.12″ | 31°05′31.62″ | 4 869 | 11.17±4.03 | 8.01±0.59 | 62.73±10.27 | 6.22±0.65 | 河流River |
M5 | 秋朗曲Qiulangqu | 92°50′58.60″ | 31°06′43.65″ | 4 901 | 7.53±2.67 | 8.16±0.47 | 63.47±2.3 | 6.88±0.74 | 河流River |
M6 | 措热措Cuorecuo | 92°50′29.20″ | 31°06′38.74″ | 4 898 | 9.4±2.73 | 8.26±0.70 | 66.8±0.63 | 6.29±0.95 | 湖泊Lake |
M7 | 松董措Songdongcuo | 92°48′55.39″ | 31°06′55.65″ | 4 915 | 10.47±5.11 | 7.69±0.06 | 47.83±7.57 | 6.33±0.94 | 湖泊Lake |
M8 | 松董曲Songdongqu | 92°46′47.31″ | 31°06′57.71″ | 4 898 | 11.23±2.75 | 7.65±0.16 | 59.27±11 | 6.09±0.69 | 河流River |
M9 | 措董措Cuodongcuo | 92°42′07.42″ | 31°06′11.36″ | 5 006 | 10.65±2.45 | 7.70±0.30 | 55.35±20.08 | 6.35±0.52 | 湖泊Lake |
M10 | 东德措Dongdecuo | 92°56′47.79″ | 30°58′54.95″ | 4 898 | 10.00±1.17 | 7.33±0.07 | 39.95±3.37 | 6.37±0.29 | 湖泊Lake |
M11 | 措査措Cuozhacuo | 92°49′40.97″ | 31°00′19.92″ | 4 828 | 6.05±4.32 | 7.41±0.14 | 60.78±1.89 | 5.72±1.4 | 湿地Marsh |
M12 | 乌铅曲Wuqianqu | 92°48′35.26″ | 30°58′37.93″ | 4 833 | 7.00±5.70 | 7.76±0.19 | 37.33±2.4 | 7.13±0.44 | 河流River |
M13 | 乌穷措Wuqiongcuo | 92°50′02.65″ | 30°56′18.33″ | 4 885 | 9.35±2.52 | 7.48±0.16 | 36.77±0.07 | 6.25±0.43 | 湖泊Lake |
M14 | 麦地藏布下游Lower reaches of the Miti Tsangpo | 92°36′46.19″ | 30°57′02.79″ | 4 744 | 7.80±3.40 | 7.42±0.03 | 58.97±9.04 | 7.02±0.18 | 河流River |
表2
麦地卡湿地不同水文期原生动物优势种出现频率(fi)、丰度(A) 及优势度(Y)①"
门 Phylum | 优势种 Dominant species | 丰水期Wet season | 枯水期Dry season | |||||
fi | A/(104cells·L-1) | Y | fi | A/(104cells·L-1) | Y | |||
肉鞭门 Sarcomastigophora | 波豆虫属Bodo sp. | 0.571 | 2.154 | 0.108 | — | — | — | |
倒卵形隐滴虫Cryptomonas obovata | 0.571 | 0.677 | 0.034 | 0.357 | 0.547 | 0.034 | ||
卵形隐滴虫C. ovata | — | — | — | 0.714 | 1.432 | 0.179 | ||
蛋白核隐滴虫C. pyrenoidifera | — | — | — | 0.500 | 0.478 | 0.042 | ||
回转隐滴虫C. reflexa | — | — | — | 0.500 | 0.478 | 0.042 | ||
吻状隐滴虫C. rostrata | — | — | — | 0.571 | 0.609 | 0.061 | ||
球形砂壳虫Difflugia globulosa | 0.857 | 0.416 | 0.031 | 0.929 | 0.977 | 0.159 | ||
小茄壳虫Hyalosphenia minuta | 0.500 | 0.758 | 0.033 | — | — | — | ||
纤毛门Ciliophora | 钟形钟虫Vorticella campanula | — | — | — | 0.286 | 1.202 | 0.060 |
表3
麦地卡湿地不同水文期原生动物优势种生态位宽度(Bi)"
编号No. | 丰水期Wet season | Bi | 编号No. | 枯水期Dry season | Bi | |
W01 | 波豆虫属一种Bodo sp. | 0.445 | D01 | 卵形隐滴虫C. ovata | 0.227 | |
W02 | 倒卵形隐滴虫C. obovata | 0.132 | D02 | 球形砂壳虫D. globulosa | 0.272 | |
W03 | 小茄壳虫H. minuta | 0.101 | D03 | 吻状隐滴虫C. rostrata | 0.269 | |
W04 | 球形砂壳虫D. globulosa | 0.376 | D04 | 钟形钟虫V. campanula | 0.141 | |
— | — | — | D05 | 蛋白核隐滴虫C. pyrenoidifera | 0.197 | |
— | — | — | D06 | 回转隐滴虫C. reflexa | 0.197 | |
— | — | — | D07 | 倒卵形隐滴虫C. obovata | 0.187 |
表6
麦地卡湿地不同水文期原生动物优势种相对占用资源量(ΔOik)及生态响应速率(R)"
编号No. | 丰水期Wet season | 编号No. | 丰水期Wet season | |||
ΔOik | R | ΔOik | R | |||
W01 | 0.415 | 1.072 | D01 | -6.897 | -0.033 | |
W02 | -0.312 | -0.423 | D02 | -5.551 | -0.049 | |
W03 | -1.461 | -0.069 | D03 | 6.583 | 0.041 | |
W04 | 1.358 | 0.277 | D04 | -10.452 | -0.013 | |
— | — | — | D05 | 6.650 | 0.030 | |
— | — | — | D06 | 6.650 | 0.030 | |
— | — | — | D07 | 3.019 | 0.062 |
表7
麦地卡湿地不同水文期原生动物优势种的种间总体关联性"
水文期Hydrologic period | σT2 | ST2 | VR | W | χ2临界值χ2 critical value | 测度结果Measurement results |
丰水期Wet season | 0.332 | 0.816 | 2.456 | 34.386 | (6.570 6, 23.684 8) | 显著正关联Significantly positive correlated |
枯水期Dry season | 0.711 | 2.265 | 3.184 | 44.582 | (6.570 6, 23.684 8) | 显著正关联Significantly positive correlated |
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