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林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 28-37.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200304

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

橡胶树魏克汉种质萌条机械伤害诱导的次生乳管分化特征

史敏晶1,杨署光1,张世鑫1,邓顺楠1,2,何鑫1,3,陈月异1,田维敏1,*   

  1. 1. 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室 省部共建国家重点 实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室 海口 571101
    2. 德宏职业学院 芒市 678400
    3. 商丘市农林科学院 商丘 476000
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-13 出版日期:2020-03-01 发布日期:2020-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 田维敏
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31800577);国家自然科学基金项目(31870590);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD1000502)

Characterization of Secondary Laticifer Differentiation of Epicormic Shoots Induced by Mechanical Wounding in Wickham Germplasm of Rubber Tree

Minjing Shi1,Shuguang Yang1,Shixin Zhang1,Shunnan Deng1,2,Xin He1,3,Yueyi Chen1,Weimin Tian1,*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101
    2. Dehong Vocational College Mangshi 678400
    3. Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Shangqiu 476000
  • Received:2019-03-13 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-04-08
  • Contact: Weimin Tian

摘要:

目的: 分析橡胶树魏克汉种质萌条经机械伤害处理后次生乳管的分化特征,为成龄大树割胶后次生乳管的分化能力提供早期预测,为鉴定和评价魏克汉种质提供依据。方法: 选取304份魏克汉种质,用刀片刮伤其幼嫩萌条茎的表面,深至皮层。萌条受伤害5天和10天后采集茎皮,经碘-溴染色处理制备石蜡切片。光学显微镜下观察不同种质次生乳管的分化情况并进行统计,分析次生乳管出现的早晚和多少。结果: 不同魏克汉种质萌条经机械伤害处理后被诱导分化出次生乳管的能力存在明显差异。刮伤后5天,在304份种质中,有95份种质分化出明显的成列的次生乳管;有172份种质分化出未成列的分散的次生乳管;余下37份种质未检测到次生乳管。刮伤后10天,有265份种质分化出明显的成列的次生乳管,其中22份种质分化的次生乳管有2列及以上;有37份种质分化出未成列的分散的次生乳管;仅2份种质未检测到次生乳管。机械伤害处理后10天萌条分化出次生乳管的比例明显多于伤害处理后5天。不同种质受伤害诱导分化次生乳管的敏感性不同,响应强弱各异。在不同育种系列中,次生乳管诱导效果好的种质主要有大丰、保亭、热研、大岭系列,以海南选育的种质为主。根据萌条分化出次生乳管的早晚以及分化乳管的强弱程度可将304份魏克汉种质分为敏感型、敏感叠加型、迟缓型和迟缓叠加型4种类型,生产中的高产品种大多属于叠加型分化种质。结论: 不同魏克汉种质萌条经机械伤害处理后诱导分化次生乳管的反应不同,具有明显的种质特异性。机械伤害处理5天可用来筛选次生乳管分化敏感的种质,而10天更适合用来筛选分化滞后叠加的种质。在4种不同分化类型中,叠加型种质可成为筛选优良高产品种的主要来源。萌条的伤害诱导性乳管分化能力可作为高产育种早期选择的一个有效指标。

关键词: 橡胶树, 魏克汉种质, 机械伤害, 次生乳管, 分化

Abstract:

Objective: Secondary laticifer in the trunk of a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the major tissue to synthesize and store the natural rubber. The number of secondary laticifer rows has a significantly positive correlation with the rubber yield,and further,the differentiation of the secondary laticifer can be induced by mechanical wounding in both mature tree trunk and tender shoot. Wickham germplasm,as the key source of cultivars,little is known about the secondary laticifer differentiation of shoots responded to the mechanical wounding. In the present study,the differentiation characteristics of different Wickham germplasm shoots were studied,in order to provide early prediction of the capacity of the secondary laticifer differentiation after tapping of mature trees,and to provide a basis for identification and evaluation of the germplasm resources,and further to shorten the time needed for breeding,therefore to improve the efficiency of Hevea breeding. Method: A total of 304 accessions of Wickham germplasms were selected and treated with mechanical wounding by using a blade to scrape the tender shoot deep to the cortex. Fresh bark samples were separately collected at 5 days and 10 days after wounding,then treated with iodine-bromine reagent,and embedded in paraffin. The differentiation of the secondary laticifers were observed with an optical microscope and data on time of emergence and number of the secondary laticifers were recorded for statistical analysis. Result: There was a significant difference of secondary laticifer differentiation among the 304 different accessions of Wickham germplasms induced by mechanical wounding. 5 days after wounding,secondary laticifer(SL) were clearly formed in rows in 95 accessions of the germplasms,sparse SL cells not in rows were found in 172 accessions of the germplasms,and no SL was detected in the other 37 accessions. 10 days after wounding,however,up to 265 accessions of the germplasms displayed clear SL rows,of which 22 accessions had 2 or more SL rows. Accordingly,the number of germplasm accessions with sparse SL and no SL reduced to 37 and 2 respectively. Undoubtedly,the induction ratio of SL differentiation in the 304 germplasm accessions at 10 days was obviously higher than that at 5 days. In different breeding series,the Dafeng,Baoting,Reyan,and Daling that derived from Hainan showed a better differentiation effect. According to the sensitivity and intensity of the SL differentiation,the Wickham germplasms were classified into 4 types:sensitivity type,sensitivity-sustainability type,hysteresis type and hysteresis-sustainability type,among which the sustainability types were always the high-yield germplasms. Conclusion: Different Wickham germplasm accessions had different characteristics of SL differentiation responded to mechanical wounding. 5 days and 10 days after wounding can be used to select the sensitive and the hysteretic germplasms respectively. Among the 4 types of the Wickham germplasms,the sustainability type is the main source for superior varieties. The ability of high SL differentiation of epicormic shoot induced by wounding can be used as an effective indicator for early selection of high-yield Hevea trees.

Key words: Hevea brasiliensis, Wickham germplasm, mechanical wounding, secondary laticifer, differentiation

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