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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 10-17.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160602

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

容器类型及规格对油松容器苗底部渗灌耗水规律及苗木生长的影响

王琰, 刘勇, 李国雷, 胡嘉伟, 娄军山, 万芳芳   

  1. 北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点试验室 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-01 修回日期:2015-06-26 出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2016-07-04
  • 基金资助:
    国家948计划项目"容器苗底部渗灌技术引进"(2012-4-66)。

Effects of Container Types and Sizes on Water Consumption and Growth of Containerized Pinus tabulaeformis Seedlings under Sub-Irrigation

Wang Yan, Liu Yong, Li Guolei, Hu Jiawei, Lou Junshan, Wan Fangfang   

  1. Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
  • Received:2015-04-01 Revised:2015-06-26 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-07-04
  • Contact: 刘勇

摘要: [目的] 研究底部渗灌条件下不同类型和规格的容器对油松容器苗耗水规律及生长的影响,以期初步筛选底部渗灌条件下培育油松苗的最适容器类型和规格,为底部渗灌技术在油松容器苗培育上的推广和应用提供理论依据。[方法] 采用嵌套设计,选用口径为3.8 cm、长度为14 cm和21 cm的硬塑料容器,口径为4.5 cm、长度为10和15 cm的无纺布容器以及口径为10 cm、长度为10和15 cm的黑色塑料容器培育油松苗,并用底部渗灌的方式给予苗木水分,通过测定底部渗灌期间苗木的灌水频率和耗水量及1年生长期结束后苗木的苗高、地径、主根长等指标,探讨不同类型和规格的容器对底部渗灌条件下的油松苗耗水规律和生长的影响。[结果] 底部渗灌期间总耗水量表现为无纺布容器> 黑色塑料容器> 硬塑料容器,均值分别为每株1453,964,442 mL。灌水频率则表现为无纺布容器> 硬塑料容器> 黑色塑料容器,长规格的硬塑料容器水分利用率最大。苗木苗高和地径均以硬塑料容器最大,长规格和短规格的硬塑料容器苗高均达到了15 cm,地径也均在2.6 mm以上。硬塑料容器茎干质量最大,尤其是长规格的硬塑料容器茎干质量为0.4 g。黑色塑料容器根干质量最大,尤其是长规格的黑色塑料容器根干质量为0.65 g。但黑色塑料容器中苗木主根长均值达到23 cm。无纺布容器苗木苗高、地径、生物量均处于最低水平。苗木质量指数(QI)表现为黑色塑料容器> 硬塑料容器> 无纺布容器,其中,长规格的黑色塑料容器QI值最大,为2.48。硬塑料和黑色塑料容器的根总长、根表面积、根体积和比根长无显著差异,但均明显大于无纺布容器(P<0.05)。[结论] 硬塑料容器耗水量最低,水分利用率却最高,且培育的苗木质量最好,因此在底部渗灌下培育油松容器苗,硬塑料容器较其他2种容器类型更为合适;而黑色塑料容器虽培育的苗木大,但却出现了窝根;无纺布容器培育的苗木质量显著低于其他2种容器类型,且耗水量大,水分利用率低。3种容器类型下,长规格的容器均可促进苗木的生长。

关键词: 油松, 底部渗灌, 容器类型, 容器规格, 耗水规律, 水分利用效率

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed at obtaining the most suitable container type and size for growing Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) under sub-irrigation, and thus, the effects of container types and sizes on water consumption and growth of containerized Chinese pine seedlings with bottom infiltration irrigation was studied.[Method] A nest-designed trial was performed on containerized Chinese pine seedlings. There were hard plastic container with sizes of 3.8 cm(cell diameter)×14 cm(length), 3.8 cm×21 cm; non-woven fabrics container with sizes of 4.5 cm×10 cm, 4.5 cm×15 cm; black plastic container with sizes of 10 cm×10 cm, 10 cm×15 cm. All seedlings were infiltration-irrigated at the bottom of containers. Watering amount and frequency, seedling growth, including shoot height, root collar diameter, biomass, taproot length, and root length were measured. [Result] During the irrigation, the watering amount showed non-woven fabrics container > black plastic container > hard plastic container, and the mean values were 1453 mL per seedling, 964 mL per seedling, 442 mL per seedling, respectively. The watering frequency showed non-woven fabrics container > hard plastic container > black plastic container. Hard plastic container had the largest water use efficiency (WUEi), especially in the long one. Both long and short hard plastic container had shoot height of 15 cm, root collar diameter of 2.6 mm. Also, the shoot biomass of seedlings in hard plastic container was the largest, especially in the long one in which the shoot biomass was 0.4 g. Seedlings in the black plastic container had the largest root biomass, and they were even larger in long black plastic container (0.65 g). The average taproot length in black plastic container was around 23 cm. The shoot height, root collar diameter and biomass of seedlings in non-woven fabrics were all in the lowest level. Seedling quality index (QI) showed black plastic container > hard plastic container > non-woven fabrics container, and the QI of long black plastic container was 2.48. There were no differences in root length, root surface, root volume and specific root length between hard plastic container and black plastic container, but they were all greater than those in non-woven fabrics container.[Conclusion] The most suitable container for growing Chinese pine with bottom infiltration irrigation was hard plastic container which consumed the least water to grow the best seedlings so that the WUEi was the highest. Black plastic container had also provided large seedlings, but the root was circled. The quality of seedlings in non-woven fabrics container was the worst though it had cost much more water than the other two container types, and the WUEi of seedlings in non-woven fabrics container was the lowest. Besides, long containers were proved to be good for growing bigger seedlings.

Key words: Pinus tabulaeformis, sub-irrigation, container type, container size, water consumption, WUEi

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