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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 121-127.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151116

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

降香黄檀人工林群落结构对叶部病害发生的影响

张茜1,2, 周国英1, 董文统1, 杨蕾1, 吴毅1   

  1. 1. 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 中南林业科技大学 长沙 410004;
    2. 湖南汽车工程职业学院 株洲 412001
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-14 修回日期:2015-10-11 出版日期:2015-11-25 发布日期:2015-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 周国英
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项(201304402)。

Impact of Community Structure of Dalbergia odorifera Plantations on Foliage Diseases Occurrence

Zhang Qian1,2, Zhou Guoying1, Dong Wentong1, Yang Lei1, Wu Yi1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Nurturing and Protection of Ministry of Education Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha 410004;
    2. Hunan Automotive Engineering Vocational College Zhuzhou 412001
  • Received:2014-08-14 Revised:2015-10-11 Online:2015-11-25 Published:2015-12-08

摘要: [目的]为了揭示降香黄檀主要叶部病害的发生机制,本研究从群落结构角度来探讨降香黄檀人工林病害发生情况与各影响因素间的关系,旨在为降香黄檀人工林叶部病害的防治提供理论依据。[方法]基于海南全岛范围内降香黄檀人工林叶部病害发生和人工林分布情况,设置41个人工林样地,采用踏查和标准地调查相结合的方法对病害进行调查。选择树高、地径、林龄、密度、郁闭度、草本盖度、草本高度、冠幅8个群落结构因子作为调查指标,采用逐步回归的方法,筛选出影响降香黄檀叶部病害发病最显著的因子。在此基础上,采用单因素方差分析、双因素方差分析、相关性分析、多重比较等方法进一步分析显著因子与叶部病害之间的关系。[结果]回归分析结果表明:在所选的8个因子中有5个因子为主导因子,分别为林分密度、林龄、郁闭度、草本盖度和冠幅。林分密度是影响降香黄檀人工林叶部病害发生的关键因子(P<0.01),对降香黄檀人工林发病率和病情指数的影响达到极显著正相关水平(R=0.852,P=0.000; R=0.851, P=0.000),林龄极显著地影响降香黄檀人工林发病率和病情指数,林龄(1~12年)与发病率和病情指数呈负相关关系(R=-0.797, P <0.01; R=-0.653, P<0.01),随着林龄的增大,林木的发病率和病情指数也逐渐降低;郁闭度对林木发病率和病情指数的影响达到显著正相关水平(R=0.644, P=0.024; R=0.646, P=0.023),整体上,疏林的发病率和病情指数显著低于中疏林和密林;草本盖度对林木发病率和病情指数的影响达到显著水平,且呈正相关关系(R=0.560, P=0.010; R=0.533, P=0.006),发病率和病情指数在Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ级草本盖度间都存在显著差异,林木发病率和病情指数随草本盖度的增大而显著增加;冠幅显著地影响降香黄檀人工林林木发病率和病情指数,冠幅与发病率和病情指数呈负相关关系(R=-0.544, P=0.027; R=-0.621, P=0.012),林木发病率和病情指数随冠幅的增大而显著减小。[结论]以调控林分密度为主导,在造林时合理密植,同时兼顾林龄、郁闭度、草本盖度和冠幅,从而达到降低降香黄檀叶部病害发生的目的。

关键词: 降香黄檀, 人工林, 群落结构, 叶部病害

Abstract: [objectice] Dalbergia odorifera is an endemic tree species in Hainan, and listed as the second class rare and endangered species by the state. With the increase of D. odorifera plantation scale in Hainan province, the disease problems of D. odorifera has become increasingly prominent, of which mainly occur on foliage. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phyllachora dalbergiicola are the most harmful pathogens. In order to investigate the occurrence mechanism of the main foliage diseases in D. odorifera and provide a theoretical basis, this research studies the correlation between community structure characteristics and D. odorifera foliage diseases. [Method] Based on D. odorifera distribution and the diseases occurrence in Hainan province, 41 sample plots were set up in Hainan province. Both field survey and plot survey was used to investigate diseases. Eight stand factors were selected as investigation index. They were height, ground diameter, stand age, stand density, canopy cover, herb cover, herb height, and crown. Stepwise regression was used to select dominant factors affecting the foliage diseases occurrence on D. odorifera plantations. One-way ANOVA, two-factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis, multiple comparisons and other methods were used to further analyze the relationships between significant factors and foliage diseases.[Result] Results from regression analysis showed that there were five dominant factors affecting the diseases. They were stand density, stand age, canopy cover, stand herb cover and stand crown. Stand density was the key factor, affecting the disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DIS) significantly (P < 0.01). DI and DIS were positively correlated with stand density (R=0.852,P=0.000; R=0.851, P=0.000). The stand age(1-12 a)significantly affected DI and DIS, and DI and DIS were negatively correlated with stand age (R=-0.797, P <0.01; R=-0.653, P <0.01). Stand canopy cover affected DI and DIS significantly, and DI and DIS was positively correlated with different stand canopy cover (R=0.644, P=0.024; R=0.646, P=0.023). DI and DIS varied in different stand canopy cover. The higher the stand canopy cover was, the much more severe the disease was found. The effect of stand herb cover on DI and DIS showed the same trend with stand canopy cover (R=0.560, P=0.010;R=0.533, P=0.006). DI and DIS varied in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ level stand herb cover. The higher the stand herb cover was, the much more severe the disease was found. Stand crown affected DI and DIS significantly, DI and DIS was negatively correlated with different stand crown (R=-0.544, P=0.027; R=-0.621, P=0.012). With the increase of stand crown, DI and DIS of stand decreased inversely. These results indicated that stand density was the most important factor to D. odorifera foliage diseases (P < 0.01). [Conclusion] Thus, it is suggested that regulation of stand density, and rational close planting in afforestation are the dominant measures, and simultaneously other four stand factors should also be taken into consideration to reduce the diseases occurrence of D. odorifera.

Key words: Dalbergia odorifera, plantation, community structure, foliage diseases

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