应用白僵菌防治美国白蛾的潜力

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150909

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 测定来自不同寄主和生境的白僵菌对美国白蛾的致病力,以明确白僵菌应用于美国白蛾的生防潜力。[方法] 以自土壤诱集的白僵菌BS04,BS05,BS08菌株和分离自美国白蛾幼虫和桑天牛幼虫的BH01,BI05为供试菌株,利用POTTER喷雾塔对美国白蛾幼虫用1×10⁸ 孢子·mL^-1的白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行喷雾处理,逐日观察记载死亡率。对筛选出的高毒力菌株用1×10⁴,1×10⁵, 1×10⁶, 1×10⁷和1×10⁸ 孢子·mL^-1系列浓度的白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行喷雾以测定其致死中浓度LC₅₀。对筛选出的高毒力菌株进行野外田间试验,共设置白僵菌BH01的8×10⁸孢子悬浮液,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯2 000倍液和清水对照3个处理,用泰山ft-796 型喷雾器进行喷雾,分别于处理后3,5和7天调查统计死亡率。[结果] BS08,BH01和BI05菌株接种美国白蛾幼虫8天后,其死亡率为70%~85%,而另外2个菌株的致死率仅为32.61% 和 30.43%,其致死中时LT₅₀值亦明显低于菌株BS04和BS05。利用不同孢子浓度的悬浮液对美国白蛾幼虫进行接种,进一步测定了上述3个菌株的致死中浓度,菌株BH01的LC₅₀值为1.39×10⁶孢子·mL^-1,明显低于菌株BS08和BI05(分别为1.34×10⁷ 和 2.11×10⁷孢子·mL^-1)。田间试验表明,处理7天后,BH01的防治效果达88.84%,与4.5% 高效氯氢菊酯无明显差异。[结论] 白僵菌BH01菌株的10⁸孢子·mL^-1孢子悬浮液对美国白蛾幼虫具有较高的毒力,显示出用于防治美国白蛾幼虫的生防潜力。

关键词: 美国白蛾, 白僵菌, 生物防治, 筛选, 潜力

Abstract:

[Objective] Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is a serious destructive insect pest with widespread distribution in China. It usually lives and attacks fruit and ornamental trees, especially broad-leaved trees. The pest has become a big problem to agriculture and forestry in northern China. Up to now, control strategies for H. cunea populations still depend to a large extent on the use of insecticides. However, the resistance development to insecticides and the insecticide-caused environmental pollution stimulate people to search for safely alternative methods to control the pests. Beauveria bassiana, as one of the most common entomopathogenic fungi, has long been recognized as a potential biocontrol agent and actively been developed to control various pest insects. However, there is significant difference in pathogenicity among different strains of B. bassiana, and there exists obvious host specificity in different strains. Thus, it is feasible to enhance the specialization and the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to some kind of pests through artificial orientation training. The virulence of five B. bassiana isolates from different hosts or habitats to larvae of H. cunea was studied to exploit the potentiality of B. bassiana for controlling H. cunea. [Method] 5-instar larvae of H. cunea were used to investigate the effectiveness of five B. bassiana isolates, BS04, BS05 and BS08 from soil, BH01 from larvae of H. cunea, BI05 from larvae of Apriona germari (Hope). The larvae of H. cunea were sprayed with 1×10⁸conidia·mL^-1conidial suspension of diferent B. bassiana isolates using POTTER spray tower. Mortality was recorded daily for eight days. For the highly virulent isolates identified in the above bioassay, larvae were sprayed with five serial concentrations of conidia (1×10⁴, 1×10⁵, 1×10⁶, 1×10⁷ and 1×10⁸ conidia·mL^-1) to determine the lethal concentration (LC₅₀). In the field experiment, there were three treatments, including 8×10⁸ conidia·mL^-1 of B. bassiana BH01, 4.5% β-cypermethrin 2000 times liquid and the water control. A Taishan ft-796 sprayer was used to routinely spray. The mortality was counted in 3, 5 and 7 d post experiment, respectively.[Result] The isolates of BS08, BH01 and BI05 caused mortalities between 70% and 85% in eight days post-inoculation while the other two isolates only caused mortalities of 32.61% and 30.43%, respectively. The LT₅₀values of BH01, BS08 and BI05 were shorter significantly than that of the other two isolates. The LC₅₀ values of BH01 (1.39×10⁶conidia·mL^-1) was lower than that of BS08 and BI05 (1.34×10⁷and 2.11×10⁷conidia·mL^-1). The field experiment showed that in seven days after treatment the control effect of BH01 (88.84%) had no significant difference with that of 4.5% β-cypermethrin.[Conclusion] This study demonstrates that a suspension containing 10⁸conidia·mL^-1 of a B. bassiana strain BH01 is highly virulent and has excellent potential for biological control of H. cunea.

Key words: Hyphantria cunea, Beauveria bassiana, biological control, screening, potential

中图分类号:

S763.306

李会平, 黄秋娴, 王婧, 李雯. 应用白僵菌防治美国白蛾的潜力[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(9): 65-70.

Li Huiping, Huang Qiuxian, Wang Jing, Li Wen. Potential of Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana for Controlling Fall Webworm Hyphantria cunea[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(9): 65-70.

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