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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 88-95.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160811

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于锥形量热仪的一维和三维燃烧性评价比较:以南方7种树叶为例

金森1, 杨艳波2   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学 哈尔滨 150040;
    2. 吉林省林业勘察设计研究院 长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-31 修回日期:2015-06-30 出版日期:2016-08-25 发布日期:2016-09-19
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201204508)。

Comparison of One Dimensional and Three Dimensional Flammability Evaluation: A Case Study of Taking Leaves of Seven Tree Species in Southern China

Jin Sen1, Yang Yanbo2   

  1. 1. Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040;
    2. Jilin Forestry Survey and Design Institute Changchun 130022
  • Received:2015-03-31 Revised:2015-06-30 Online:2016-08-25 Published:2016-09-19

摘要: [目的]以南方7种典型树种树叶为研究对象,比较一维燃烧性评价方法和多维可燃物燃烧性评价方法的相似程度,为燃烧性评价方法的选择提供科学依据。[方法]以南方7种典型树种的叶片为材料,利用锥形量热仪对其进行热分析,获取燃烧时能量释放速率、释放总量等参数,根据主成分综合排序方法对其进行一维燃烧性评价,根据文献中提出的多维可燃物燃烧性评价指标对其进行三维燃烧性评价,分别计算2种燃烧性空间距离,根据距离进行排序,然后对2种方法的排序进行秩分析,以评价一维和三维燃烧性评价方法的相似程度。[结果]每个树种有2种评价方法共21个排序对,其中,只有2个树种的2种方法排序全部相同,2种排序秩只差1位的有3对,其余的秩对都相差很大,秩相关系数为0.078;2种方法秩不相关,说明对于7种可燃物而言,燃烧性的一维评价和三维评价结果不同且无显式关联。在7种可燃物的一维排序和三维排序的3个维度单独进行秩分析中,一维排序只有三维燃烧性中的持续性显著相关,而与点燃性和剧烈性不相关,说明一维评价更多体现了7种可燃物的燃烧持续性,而没有很好地反映出点燃性和剧烈程度。[结论]对于所研究的7种可燃物而言,无论从单个可燃物还是从7种可燃物整体上看,可燃物燃烧性的一维评价结果和三维评价结果都显著不同。一维评价只能反映三维中的持续性一维,三维燃烧性评价能够更多地反映7种可燃物的燃烧性特点。燃烧性三维评价能够反映燃烧性复杂内涵的多个方面,提供了更全面的信息,使人们对于传统可燃物燃烧性的理解更深刻,更好地解释不同可燃物火行为之间的差异。燃烧性一维评价使用起来比较方便,但如何用好2种评价的结果,还需深入研究。

关键词: 锥形量热仪, 燃烧性, 三维燃烧性, 一维燃烧性

Abstract: [Objective] Fuel flammability evaluation is one of the most important topics in forest fire research. Different evaluation methods arise due to varied definitions of flammability. One-dimensional methods are commonly used at present. Importance of multidimensional evaluation based on multi-aspects of flammability has already been recognized by researchers but concrete work is not reported. It is not clear whether the two methods are similarity. This study is to identify the differences between one dimensional and three-dimensional method for a better understanding of fuel flammability.[Method] Leaves or needles of seven typical tree species in southern China were used for cone calorimeter analysis. Parameters such as heat release rate and total heat release were obtained. Flammability of the fuels was evaluated for one-dimensional flammability using a principal component ranking method which is commonly used in literatures, and for three-dimensional flammability using heat release parameter recommended by a literature. Spatial distances between the flammability manners were computed for each evaluation methods. The seven species were ranked according to the distances between the two methods. Ranking analysis was conducted on the rankings between the two methods to determine similarity of one-dimensional method and three-dimensional method.[Result] Among the 21 ranking pairs in comparison of two methods for each of the seven species, only two pairs were same in ranking and three with difference of one in ranking, and the rest pairs has large differences in ranking. The ranking correlation coefficients was 0.078, suggesting that the one dimensional method and three-dimensional method would be different and not explicitly connected. Among the ranking analysis of one dimensional ranking and rankings in each of the three dimensions, one dimensional ranking is only remarkably correlated with sustainability but not with ignitibility and combustibility. This indicates that one dimensional method reflects more on sustainability for the seven species.[Conclusion] For the seven species concerned, one dimensional flammability evaluation is significantly different from the three dimensional one, in term of either individual species or all the seven species. Three-dimensional flammability evaluation can reflect more aspects of complicated flammability and providing more information, aiding better understanding fuel flammability and explaining fire behavior while one-dimensional evaluation methods are easy to use. Further work should be conducted to determine better use of the two evaluation of methods.

Key words: cone calorimeter, flammability, three dimensions, one dimension

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